Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D J Weber

Publications and source records attributed to D J Weber.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of colestipol hydrochloride on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of clofibrate.

Since it has been reported by several authors that colestipol HCl and clofibrate have an additive effect in lowering serum cholesterol levels, it was felt advisable to evaluate the blood levels of clofibrate when given simultaneously with colestipol HCl to see whether there was any evidence for drug interaction between the two products that might dictate a need for separation of their administration time. After concomitant single-dose administration, the serum p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid levels, bioavailability parameters, and pharmacokinetic parameters investigated provided no evidence for an interaction and suggested that colestipol and clofibrate can be administered concomitantly or at separated in tervals according to whichever dosage regimen is deemed advisable by the physician.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate: an antibiotic combination. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, clinical efficacy and adverse effects.

The combination of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate will soon be marketed in 2:1 and 4:1 fixed ratio dosage forms. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that clavulanic acid, a potent inhibitor of many bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes, will increase the spectrum of amoxicillin to include, at achievable serum concentrations, Haemophilus influenzae, H. ducreyi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarralis and, at achievable urine levels, many beta-lactamase-producing strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and Citrobacter. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic are well absorbed after oral administration, reach peak serum levels in 40-120 min and have similar half-lives of 45 to 90 min. This combination will be suitable for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis and respiratory tract infections. However, precise recommendations for its use will need to await further clinical trials that compare amoxicillin/clavulanate to alternative therapies.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: 15 cases and review.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a small fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus that fails to grow on MacConkey's agar. Slow growth in broth may lead to delays in diagnosis. First described in 1912, A. actinomycetemcomitans has been recognized since 1962 as capable of causing serious infections in humans. Such infections include periodontal infection, soft tissue abscess (often in association with Actinomyces species), and systemic infection, most commonly endocarditis. Fifteen cases and a review of the English-language literature are presented to define the epidemiology and clinical features of infection due to A. actinomycetemcomitans. Therapy for infection due to A. actinomycetemcomitans has most commonly involved ampicillin or penicillin, often in conjunction with an aminoglycoside. However, resistance to penicillin or ampicillin is common. Antimicrobial agents with a high degree of in vitro activity included cefazolin, cefotaxime, cetriaxone, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. Therapy should be guided by clinical response and in vitro susceptibility testing.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation: report of 30 cases and review of the literature.

Bacterial endophthalmitis is a postoperative complication of intraocular lens implantation. A review of 30 cases showed that 77% occurred within seven days of initial cataract surgery and that all cases occurred within 32 days. Common presenting symptoms and signs included pain localized to the involved eye, decreased visual acuity, conjunctival injection, anterior chamber inflammation, hypopyon, and absent or poor red reflex. Diagnosis of an infectious etiology was made by aqueous and vitreous sampling for gram stain and culture. The commonest bacterial agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus, but a wide variety of gram-negative and -positive organisms were also isolated. On the basis of this series and review of the literature, optimal treatment includes prompt diagnosis by culture and gram stain of vitreous fluid, frequent application of topical antibiotics, and administration of intraocular antibiotics. Intravenous antibiotics and vitrectomy may improve the visual outcome. Removal of the intraocular lens is unnecessary for bacteriologic cure and is not associated with improved visual outcome.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in clients of sexually transmitted disease clinics in North Carolina.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The major routes of transmission for hepatitis C virus (HCV) appear to be blood transfusion and injecting drug use (IDU). There is still some controversy concerning the role of sexual transmission in HCV infection. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To use a well characterized, high-risk population of STD clinic patients to investigate the role of sexual transmission of HCV and to determine any association between HCV, HBV, and HIV. STUDY DESIGN: We tested stored sera obtained anonymously from clients attending three STD clinics in North Carolina in 1988 for antibodies to HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). An anonymous, self-administered client questionnaire provided patient history and demographic information. RESULTS: The most important risk factor for either HCV or HBV seropositivity was IDU. The only risk factor associated with HCV seropositivity after the removal of IDUs was age older than 30 years. In contrast, risk factors associated with HBV seropositivity after the removal of IDUs included male gender, age older than 30 years, HIV seropositivity, homosexuality/bisexuality, syphilis seropositivity, and a history of syphilis. CONCLUSION: Our study of STD clients confirms the important role that IDU plays in infection with HCV, but suggests that sexual transmission plays only a minor role in HCV epidemiology.

Adolescent↗