Biomedical subjects

D J Innes

Publications and source records attributed to D J Innes.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Human nasal mucosal responses to topically applied recombinant leukocyte A interferon.

Healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive intranasal sprays of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN; 9 X 10(6) U per day) or placebo once daily for four or 10 days. Scrape nasal biopsy specimens stained by hematoxylin and eosin and mucosal punch biopsy specimens stained by immunoperoxidase techniques with monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte subsets were collected before and after exposure. Blinded analysis of the punch biopsy specimens by two pathologists found increased degrees of lymphocyte infiltration compared with preexposure samples in 56% of IFN vs. 0% of placebo recipients at four days (P = .008) and 60% of IFN vs. 10% of placebo recipients at 10 days (P = .057). By immunoperoxidase staining the cellular infiltrates were primarily in the subepithelium and comprised principally (mean, greater than or equal to 84%) T lymphocytes. In the 10-day IFN recipients, subepithelial T helper (Leu-3):T suppressor (Leu-2) cell ratios ranged from 2:1 to 5:1. The number of distribution of B (Leu-14) or natural killer (Leu-7) cells did not appear affected by IFN.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1987

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a child with familial Pelger-Huet anomaly.

A case of familial Pelger-Huet anomaly in a 3-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is described. This unique association was investigated through trial observations of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow obtained during the child's treatment with chemotherapy. The average lobe index (ALI) of neutrophils was 42 with no three-lobed forms at the time of the initial diagnosis. During antimetabolite maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate the ALI was 1.87 and three-lobed forms were present. The behaviour of the P-HA cells to heat induced radial hypersegmentation of the nucleus was examined in other family members. The mechanism by which heat and folate deficiency induce neutrophil segmentation is preserved in the familial Pelger-Huet anomaly.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Rat and human colonic mucins bind to and inhibit adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica.

Establishment of adherence by Entamoeba histolytica is mediated by a 170-kD Gal/GalNAc inhibitable lectin and is required for cytolysis and phagocytosis of mammalian target cells. We studied the biochemical mechanisms of the in vitro interaction between rat and human colonic mucins and axenic E. histolytica trophozoites. Crude mucus prevented amebic adherence to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by up to 70%. Purification of the colonic mucins by Sepharose 4B chromatography, nuclease digestion, and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation resulted in a 1,000-fold enrichment of the inhibitory mucins. Purified rat mucin inhibited amebic adherence to and cytolysis of homologous rat colonic epithelial cells. Oxidation and enzymatic cleavage of rat mucin Gal and GalNAc residues completely abrogated mucin inhibition of amebic adherence. The binding of rat 125I-mucin to amebae was galactose specific, saturable, reversible, and pH dependent. A monoclonal antibody specific for the 170-kD amebic Gal/GalNAc lectin completely inhibited the binding of rat 125I-mucin. Rat mucin bound to Affigel affinity purified the amebic lectin from conditioned medium. Colonic mucin glycoproteins act as an important host defense by binding to the parasite's adherence lectin, thus preventing amebic attachment to and cytolysis of host epithelial cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

T-immunoblastic lymphoma mimicking B-immunoblastic lymphoma.

A T-cell immunoblastic lymphoma having plasmacytoid features that mimic B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma, is described. The lesion was composed of sheets of pleomorphic plasmacytoid cells that displayed a helper T-cell immunophenotype (Leu-1+, Leu-3+, Leu-4+, Leu-5+, Leu-9-, Leu-2-). Ultrastructural features were consistent with a T-cell lymphoma. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cells were DNA triploid and had a high proliferative activity. Although the histology of immunoblastic lymphomas alone may suggest either a T- or B-cell phenotype, immunophenotyping is essential in making this distinction.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements in human lymphoma and leukemia.

DNA samples from blood leukocytes or tumor biopsies of 45 patients with phenotypic B or T cell neoplasms were analyzed for rearrangements of the immunoglobulin (Ig) or T cell receptor (TCR) genes by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Rearrangements of the Ig heavy chain joining region genes (JH) were present in DNA from each of 28 B cell lymphomas and leukemias; 14 of 21 of these tumors also had rearrangements of the Ig kappa light chain joining (JK) or deleting element (KDel) genes. Conversely, 16 of 17 T cell lymphomas and leukemias had rearranged TCR beta chain genes. One B cell and one T cell tumor had rearrangements of both Ig and TCR genes. There was a strong correlation between the rearrangements of specific genes and the immunophenotype of the tumor: JH rearrangement without TCR beta chain rearrangement occurred only in B cell tumors; TCR beta chain rearrangement with or without JH rearrangement occurred only in T cell tumors, with one exception; and JK and KDel rearrangements were found only in B cell tumors. Thus, rearrangements of the Ig heavy and light chain genes and the TCR beta chain genes were found to be highly sensitive markers of monoclonal human lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias, with the type of gene rearrangements well correlated with the cell lineage of these neoplasms.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1987

Early histopathology of experimental infection with Leishmania donovani in hamsters.

The extracellular promastigote stage of Leishmania donovani is inoculated by a phlebotomine sandfly into the skin of a susceptible host, after which visceral dissemination and clinical disease may ensue. Using a hamster model we examined the histopathology of early infection with L. donovani after intradermal inoculation of cultured promastigotes. The initial response was a mixed polymorphonuclear (PMN)-mononuclear phagocyte infiltrate, noted between 1 and 24 hr after inoculation, which became primarily mononuclear by 48 hr. Parasites were initially found intracellularly in both PMN's and mononuclear phagocytes, but by 48 hr they had assumed amastigote-like morphology and were found exclusively in macrophages. The number of parasites per infected macrophage increased during the first week after inoculation, suggesting that intracellular replication of the organism was taking place. This was followed by the formation of granulomas between 4 and 6 wk. By 8 wk intracellular parasites were largely gone. The histologic response was consistent with early destruction of parasites in PMN's, and survival and replication of L. donovani in macrophages. Cutaneous infection with the parasite was eventually controlled locally, coincident with granuloma formation. Despite these local responses, the organism was able to disseminate and eventually produce typical visceral leishmaniasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Lymphocyte subsets in normal bone marrow.

Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from ten normal donors were stained directly with monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte, monocyte, and myeloid antigens, and were analyzed by flow cytometry. To avoid cell loss, lymphocytes were not specifically isolated prior to staining. T cells comprised 46% of aspirate lymphocytes and 22% of biopsy lymphocytes. Further, the Leu-3:Leu-2 ratio of bone marrow T cells was below 1.0. B cells comprised 8% to 11% of bone marrow lymphocytes in both aspirates and biopsies, and there was a substantial percentage of cells in the lymphocyte window that was negative for all B and T cell markers. The lymphocyte window had very little myeloid contamination; however, when the myeloid window was examined, staining was greater than 90%.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the pelvis.

An extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the pelvis in a 14-year-old girl is described. The location of the tumor and age of the patient appear to be unique. The neoplasm is histologically and ultrastructurally identical to malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney seen in infants and very young children. The tumor had an aggressive clinical course, and the patient died with disseminated disease 13 months after diagnosis. The authors review previous reports of extrarenal MRT, discuss the occurrence of cytoplasmic filamentous inclusions, and contrast MRT with other pelvic sarcomas. Although the exact histogenesis is unknown, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical data suggest a mesenchymal origin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Residual tumor masses following treatment for advanced histiocytic lymphoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Forty percent or more of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic (large cell) lymphoma will achieve prolonged disease-free survival with the use of intensive combination chemotherapy. These results are obtained only if complete resolution of all viable tumor is documented prior to the cessation of chemotherapy. Residual tumor masses at the time of re-staging usually are excised or biopsied to confirm the presence or absence of viable tumor. Three patients are reported who had with advanced histiocytic (large cell) lymphoma, and who demonstrated residual intra-abdominal tumor masses on CT scan following four courses of COPP chemotherapy. After two additional courses of a non-cross-resistant regimen and/or supplemental radiotherapy failed to reduce the size of the masses, abdominal exploration with removal of the tumors including splenectomy in one patient was performed, and in each instance no viable tumor was found. The patients have remained disease-free for periods ranging from 24 to 48 months. The various options available to evaluate such patients are presented, and a systematic approach which should avoid the unnecessary prolongation of potentially harmful chemotherapy or radiotherapy is proposed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1985

Gamma heavy chain disease: report of a case associated with trisomy of chromosome 7.

A case of gamma heavy chain disease is reported in a 52-year-old white male who presented with fever and generalized lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy showed malignant lymphoma. A partial transient response was obtained with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin. He died 3 months after diagnosis from disease progression and infectious complications. Chromosome analysis of cells from an involved lymph node showed the presence of trisomy 7. Chromosome abnormalities have been reported in three of ten previously published cases of gamma heavy chain disease. Trisomy of chromosome #7 has not previously been reported.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1985

Extramedullary hematopoiesis. A cause of severe generalized lymphadenopathy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.

Although microscopic evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis in lymph nodes is a frequent finding in autopsy studies of patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, clinically significant lymphadenopathy is a rare occurrence. In this article we describe an unusual case of severe generalized lymphadenopathy and lymphedema secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis in multiple lymph nodes. With the use of low-dose radiotherapy, both the lymphadenopathy and lymphedema resolved.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to malignant histiocytosis.

While a 23-year-old man was being evaluated for a two-month history of night sweats, fever, and weight loss, he had the typical clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). After a diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis (MH) was established by lymph node biopsy, review of an earlier lung biopsy initially interpreted as nonspecific revealed malignant histiocytes. He failed to respond to combination chemotherapy and died as a result of progressive respiratory failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Adherence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to rat and human colonic mucosa.

We studied the adherence of [3H]thymidine-labeled axenic Entamoeba histolytica (strain HM1-IMSS) to in vitro preparations of rat and human colonic mucosa. Studies were performed with fixed or unfixed rat colonic mucosa, unfixed rat mucosa exposed to trypsin, unfixed rat submucosa, and fixed human colonic mucosa. Twenty percent of the amebae adhered to fixed rat colonic mucosa; adherence was specifically inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), galactose, and asialofetuin. The adherence of amebae to fixed human colonic mucosa was also GalNAc inhibitable. Greater adherence was found with unfixed rat colonic mucosa (40.9%) and was not GalNAc inhibitable unless the tissue was first exposed to trypsin. However, GalNAc did inhibit the adherence of amebae to unfixed rat submucosa. Glutaraldehyde fixation of amebae inactivates known amebic adhesion proteins; there was a markedly decreased adherence of fixed amebae to trypsin-exposed mucosa or fixed rat colonic mucosa. However, fixed or viable amebae had equal levels of adherence to unfixed rat colonic mucosa, suggesting the presence of a host adhesion protein that binds to receptors on amebae. Human (10%) and rabbit (5%) immune sera reduced the adherence of viable amebae to fixed rat colonic mucosa. We concluded that the GalNAc-inhibitable adhesion protein on the surface of E. histolytica trophozoites mediated adherence to fixed rat mucosa, fixed human colonic mucosa, trypsin-exposed unfixed rat mucosa, and unfixed rat submucosa. The surface of unfixed rat colonic mucosa contained a glutaraldehyde- and trypsin-sensitive host adhesion protein, perhaps in the overlying mucus blanket, which bound viable or fixed E. histolytica trophozoites.

Acetylgalactosamine↗

PubMed1985

Hematopoietic factor production by a cell line (TC-1) derived from adherent murine marrow cells.

An adherent cell line, termed TC-1, has been isolated from long-term liquid culture of murine marrow cells by repeated exposure of the adherent cells to 0.1% trypsin. This is an alkaline phosphatase-positive cell line showing variable staining with acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. On electron microscopy, the cells have moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and variable numbers of polyribosomes. Some cells contain large clusters of laked glycogen particles. Intermediate junctions are present between some cells. Conditioned medium from this cell line produced from 384 to 638 units of CSF-1 per milliliter by radioimmunoassay and a CSF-1-dependent synergistic activity, which stimulates giant macrophage colony formation of marrow cells in soft agar. The conditioned medium also stimulates 3H-TdR incorporation by marrow cells in liquid culture and induces secondary adherent cell lines. The growth factor(s) produced by the TC-1 stromal cell line may be important in the regulation of early stages of hematopoietic differentiation. Two subclones, TC-1-C-11 and TC-1-C-3, have been isolated from passage 25 of the TC-1 cells by a penicylinder separation technique. The TC-1-C-11 is phenotypically like the parent TC-1 line and produces macrophage growth factors. The TC-1-C-3 grows as an epithelioid monolayer with visible junctions among adjacent cells under phase contrast microscopy. This subclone produces retrovirus and is capable of providing anchorage support for hematopoietic stem cells. The TC-1 cell line and its subclones may provide models for the control of early stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Agar↗

PubMed1985

Sensitivity of anti-Leu-M1 as a marker in Hodgkin's disease.

Seventy-eight cases of Hodgkin's disease (52 nodular sclerosis, 13 mixed cellularity, seven lymphocyte predominance, one lymphocyte depletion, one interfollicular, and four unclassified cases) were stained with anti-Leu-M1 using the immunoperoxidase technique on either formalin- or B-5-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The cytoplasmic pattern and extent of staining of Reed-Sternberg cells and mononuclear variants were recorded. Ninety-four percent of the cases had Leu-M1-positive cells. The staining intensity and number of positive cells were greatest in nodular sclerosis and least in lymphocyte predominance. There was variability, however, in the patterns and amounts of positivity for all subtypes. The neoplastic cells in 15 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were uniformly negative for Leu-M1. For the individual case, lack of Leu-M1 positivity does not exclude Hodgkin's disease as a diagnostic possibility, but when adequate numbers of Reed-Sternberg-like cells are present, complete absence of staining suggests an alternative diagnosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1984

Salivary duct carcinoma: an analysis of four cases with review of literature.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a histologically distinctive neoplasm of the parotid gland. The criteria for the diagnosis of SDC are circumscribed epithelial nests having a papillary, cribriform, and/or solid architecture coupled with central necrosis. The infiltrating cancer can be papillary, resembling the intraductal component or have a nonspecific, undifferentiated pattern. The authors are presenting four cases and compare them with 11 other acceptable cases from the literature. The neoplasm occurs beyond the age of 50 (median 63 years) and has a dismal prognosis with nearly two-thirds of the patients developing distant metastases. All surviving patients have been treated with combined parotidectomy and radiotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1984

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the sinonasal region: histologic subtypes and their clinicopathologic features.

The authors describe 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Seven were men and four were women. The median age of the women was 76 years; the median age of the men was 45 years. The most common presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction and unilateral facial swelling. The most frequent sites of disease were maxillary antrum (ten cases), nasal cavity (eight cases), and ethmoid sinus (seven cases). Eight patients had involvement of multiple sinuses. Six patients were clinical stage I E, two were II E, one was stage III E, and two were stage IV. Histologic subtypes included diffuse small cleaved cell (1 case), diffuse large cell (4 cases), and diffuse large cell immunoblastic (6 cases). Three patients having immunoblastic lymphoma had longstanding sinusitis, rhinitis, and allergies. Overall, 55% of patients died of disease. Three of four patients with the diffuse large cell subtype were free of tumor (mean follow-up 50 months). Five of six patients having immunoblastic lymphoma died of disease from 1 to 13 months following diagnosis (mean 6.4 months).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) and myeloproliferative disorders.

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (ND) consists of the abrupt onset of red, tender, cutaneous plaques on the face, extremities, and upper trunk, accompanied by fever, malaise, and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Histologically, there are distinctive, dense, dermal infiltrates of neutrophils. Response to systemic steroids is dramatic. This report describes four patients with leukemia or preleukemia and ND (LND), reviews reports of 12 similar patients, and compares LND with ND in otherwise healthy individuals (idiopathic ND, IND). Although lesions of LND more frequently had vesiculobullous appearances or location on mucous membranes, this study showed no consistent difference between LND and IND with regard to cutaneous signs, symptoms, histologic findings, and response to therapy. The first episode of LND either preceded or followed documentation of the myeloproliferative disorder, and the most common associated hematologic conditions were acute myeloid or myelomonocytic leukemia. Moderate to severe anemia was present in nine of ten patients whose first episode of LND preceded the discovery of the hematologic condition by eight months or less. The presence of anemia is the most obvious and readily detectable difference between LND and IND. The possibility of an underlying myeloproliferative disorder should be considered in all patients with ND, and LND should not be confused with infectious complications in patients known to have myeloproliferative disorders.

Acute Disease↗