Biomedical subjects
D I Williams
Publications and source records attributed to D I Williams.
Long term changes in nest condition and pup grouping following handling of rat litters.
Observation of rat litters over the entire preweaning period revealed long term changes to result from handling pups. Handled litters had fewer good nests and were less likely to be found in a single group than control litters. These differences are not attributable to the disturbances per se, as litters where the mother was removed did not differ significantly from undisturbed controls. The differences occurred predominantly in the daytime when maternal activity was at its lowest.
Handling rat pups after early weaning.
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Ring ureterostomy.
A method is described for temporary cutaneous ureterostomy which combines the advantage of loop ureterostomy with a well vascularised stoma with those of the Sober Y operation allowing easy restoration of ureteric integrity.
Bifid urethra with pre-anal accessory track (Y duplication).
Bifid urethra with a pre-anal or perineal accessory track (Y duplication) is an abnormality insufficiently recognised and its true anatomy may be overlooked. 9 cases are reported together with a description of an operative correction.
Urethral duplications in the male.
A classification of duplications of the male urethra has been presented together with our clinical experience. The commonest variety is epispadiac form which may be complete, incomplete or abortive. Less common are the hypospadiac forms and very much rarer are the spindle urethras where the bladder neck and also the distal urethra are single. The bifid urethra with pre-anal accessory track is relatively common but has often gone unrecognised.
Rupture of the female urethra in childhood.
Rupture of the female urethra is a rare disorder, but perhaps more liable to occur in childhood than in adult life. As in the male, it can follow a fractured pelvis, but the level of the rupture is not simply in the membranous region, and is frequently much higher with destruction of the urethra over a considerable length. The vagina is always involved, so that almost inevitably there is a urethra-vaginal fistula. In the low lesions the bladder and urethral function may be adequate, but stenosis of the vaginal introitus can result in a considerable hydrocolpos, leading to a spurious form of incontinence. In the higher lesions true incontinence can occur, and there may be stricturing of the urethra above or below the urethro-vaginal fistula. Methods of surgical repair are discussed.
The occult neuropathic bladder.
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Epispadias with incontinence.
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Antegrade pyelography in adults and children.
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Further progress with reconstruction of the exstrophied bladder.
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Infantile stimulation and exploratory behavior in the rat.
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Effects of repeated testing on rats' locomotor activity in the open-field.
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Bilateral nephroblastoma.
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Plasma corticosteroid levels in out-patients treated with topical steroids.
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The wide bladder neck in children.
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