Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to D Hunter.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Young children's awareness of violence in Northern Ireland: the influence of Northern Irish television in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Children aged 5 to 6 years living in either a suburb of London or in a small town in Northern Ireland which has been virtually free from violence, were asked to make up stories in response to a series of pictures depicting such things as derelict houses or a train crash. More Northern Irish children mentioned bombs and explosions than did the London children. To investigate the possibility that this knowledge of explosions might be the result of at least incidental exposure to coverage of such events on Northern Irish television news a further study was initiated. Children from another relatively quiet part of Northern Ireland were compared with children from two separate areas of Scotland where television reception is only possible from Northern Ireland and from a third area in Scotland where Northern Ireland television news cannot be received. Children from those areas where Northern Irish television news can be received again outnumbered those from the control area in terms of mentions of the words bomb or explosion.

Awareness↗
PubMed1980

Early changes following injection injury of peripheral nerves.

Using light and electron microscopy and a fluorescent tracer technique, the authors have studied various aspects of injection injuries to nerves in an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition and to help establish a rational basis for treatment. In 72 animals 144 nerve injections were carried out, using five drugs in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection. The nerves were examined at varying times (10 minutes to 10 weeks) following injection. Pathological alterations in the nerve were evident as early as 30 minutes after injection. The mechanism of injury appears to be a direct neurotoxic effect on the nerve fibre-both axon and Schwann cell-with a breakdown in the blood-nerve barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serous otitis media.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1980

Indium-114m in dual-nuclide studies with Cr-51: comparison with indium-111.

Simultaneously radioassay of In-111 and In-114m, each in the presence of Cr-51, has been investigated. Presented here are data demonstrating the efficacy of using In-114m in a dual radioassay with Cr-51, a radiolabel currently used in many cellular research applications. In-111 (T1/2, 2.81 days) has recently received attention in clinical studies, but has less than satisfactory physical characteristics for animal studies involving two emitters or long-term recirculation. Indium-114m (T1/2, 50.1 days) permits long-term in vivo and in vitro monitoring, so that dual-nuclide studies on cell recirculation can be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ventilatory function in the Eisenmenger syndrome.

Ventilatory function and carbon monoxide transfer factor were studied in nine adult patients with post-tricuspid intracardiac defects and the Eisenmenger syndrome. A consistent mild defect of ventilatory function was found, with raised residual volume and closing capacity and reduction of other lung volumes and maximal expiratory flows. Maximal expiratory flow was particularly reduced at low lung volumes. One of the four subjects in whom pressure-volume studies were performed showed loss of normal elastic recoil at low lung volumes. A significant poorly ventilated space was excluded since the volume of distribution of helium during a 10 second breath-hold at full inspiration was close to plethysmographically measured total lung capacity. Carbon monoxide transfer factor, after correction for haemoglobin concentration, was 77% of predicted normal values. Sequential assessment of carbon monoxide transfer factor might be useful in the early diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in infants with large intracardiac defects, since it is likely to be raised early due to high pulmonary blood flow and will fall with the development of pulmonary vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lung distensibility and airway function in intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi MZ).

We examined the role of intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in predisposing to abnormalities of lung distensibility and airway function in 20 heterozygotes (Pi MZ) who were individually matched with a control Pi M subject of similar age, height, and smoking habits drawn from the same male, working population. There were no significant differences between the heterozygotes and their controls in the results of spirometry, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves (breathing air), single breath nitrogen test, arterialised capillary blood oxygen pressure, or single breath carbon monoxide transfer. Additional studies were made in 12 of the pairs of Pi MZ and Pi M subjects. Comparison of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves breathing air and 80% helium-20% oxygen showed no differences between the Pi MZ and Pi M subjects. Although airway function was similar in the two groups, four of 12 Pi MZ subjects showed abnormalities of the pressure-volume curve of the lung (reduction in lung recoil pressure, abnormal shape factor, increase in functional residual capacity). Abnormalities of washout of a helium-sulphur hexafluoride gas mixture, of a type previously described as characteristic of emphysema, were found in two of the men with abnormal pressure-volume curves. The results suggest that Pi MZ subjects have an increased susceptibility to alveolar abnormalities without increased abnormalities of airway function; this may explain the increased frequency of emphysema at necropsy despite many studies showing no predisposition to abnormal airway function in life. The functional changes we observed would be unlikely to cause symptoms. The risk of disablement from chronic lung disease appears to be only slightly enhanced by intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral nerve injection injury: an experimental study.

In an attempt to answer questions regarding nerve injection injuries, we injected 11 agents in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection into the sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats. Equal volumes of normal saline were used as control. We harvested the sciatic nerves at various times after injection and examined them by both light and electron microscopy. We performed myelinated nerve fiber counts and constructed histograms. Any impairment of motor function was also noted. We gave injections to 79 animals a total of 158 times; 116 injections were directly into the nerve fascicle (intrafascicular) and 42 were into the epineural tissue (extrafascicular). The results revealed considerable variation in the degree of nerve fiber injury according to the agent injected. Minimal damage resulted from the injection of iron-dextran, meperidine, and cephalothin, and maximal nerve injury followed the injection of penicillin, diazepam, and chlorpromazine. The site of injection was crucial. Intrafascicular injection was invariably associated with severe nerve injury, but, with few exceptions, extrafascicular injection resulted in minimal damage. The quantity of drug injected was also important in determining the degree of injury. Large, heavily myelinated fibers were more susceptible to injection injury than smaller, thinly myelinated nerve fibers. The effect of the injected drug seemed to be related to injury of the nerve fiber unit--both the axon and the Schwann cell with its myelin sheath. Regeneration in damaged nerves was a constant finding; even the most severely injured nerves, with total axonal degeneration, underwent subsequent regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histological studies of experimental interfascicular graft repairs.

Biopsies of sutured and grafted primate peripheral nerves were examined by light and electron microscopy after the final set of electrical measurements had been recorded. Inspection of all proximal stumps showed the expected regenerative activity which was not affected by the nature of the nerve repair. Transverse sections through the epineurial, interfascicular, and graft suture lines showed a similar pattern in all animals and at this site nerves sutured by epineurial technique could only be distinguished from those sutured by fascicular technique by loci of the non-absorbable suture. Fascicular repairs, whether done fascicle-to-fascicle or with interposition of grafts, had a more lengthy neuroma than did the epineurial repairs. Maintenance of fascicular architecture through the course of the grafts was variable. Fascicular structure was frequently absent in the central graft segments and in segments close to the second suture site. The method of repair used more proximally could not be distinguished by evaluation of distal stump segments. Measurements of myelinated fiber size made of distal stump axons revealed no statistical difference between the methods of repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

New orally effective chromosome derivatives for the treatment of asthma.

Two new chromone derivatives have been identified which possess oral anti-allergic activity in the rat PCA model of immediate hypersensitivity. They may have a wider spectrum of anti-allergic activity than disodium cromoglycate (SCG) since they are effective in in vitro tests involving sensitized basophils, in which SCG is inactive. Both compounds, when given orally, provide relief from experimental and clinical asthma in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Timing of peripheral nerve repair: important local neuropathological factors.

A review of the local neuropathological factors suggests that in lesions-in-continuity, the timing of surgical intervention should be predicated by the histological structure of that particular lesion-in-continuity. This cannot be derived by inspection or palpation of the lesion. The information must be gained from clinical and electrical studies. In the case of the divided nerve, the interrupted fascicles should be sutured as soon as the longitudinal extent of the injury can be accurately determined. The ultimate factor limiting the successful outcome of delayed peripheral nerve surgery is probably related to the state of the end organs and muscle fibers.

Animals↗