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Biomedical subjects

D Halliday

Publications and source records attributed to D Halliday.

205 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A direct method for investigating the transfer of endogenous nitrogen from maternal body protein to fetal protein.

Maternal body protein was labelled with [15N]glycine during the last third of pregnancy in the rat; the label was found in fetal protein, demonstrating that amino acids derived from maternal protein had crossed the placental membrane. The enrichment of fetal carcass protein was greater than that of maternal skeletal muscle, expressed as atoms per cent excess but similar to that of her liver. Enrichment of both fetal body and maternal liver declined during the period studied, while that of maternal skeletal muscle remained constant. The capture of label by fetal protein increased gradually at a rate which was the same as its rate of decline in the maternal liver, suggesting that the latter was a major source of the fetal label. The average [15N] content of the maternal liver was 2.3 per cent of that injected, while the total conceptus content was more than twice this value, 5.6 per cent, indicating that more than half was contributed from other maternal sources as well as her liver. The results were not influenced by maternal food restriction of two-thirds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents.

Total body water was measured in 26 children and adolescents using the stable isotope H2O18. Body resistance was measured using a tetrapolar technique with a constant 50Khz, 800 microA alternating current. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) with height2/body resistance. Measurements of body resistance are non-invasive, rapid and readily acceptable to children. For these reasons the measurement of body resistance requires further investigation, including cross validation studies and is a potentially valuable technique for assessing body composition in the paediatric population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protein and energy metabolism with biosynthetic human growth hormone in patients on full intravenous nutritional support.

Our objective was to examine the effect of biosynthetic human growth hormone (BSHGH) on protein and energy metabolism in patients on full intravenous nutrition (IVN). Fifteen patients who had been established on IVN were allocated at random to receive either BSHGH (0.1 mg/kg/day) or placebo daily for 7 days. All patients received the same feeding regimen which contaminated 14 gN, 1000 kcal of glucose and 1000 kcal of fat (Intralipid) daily. The mean nitrogen balance for days 4 to 7 was significantly more positive with BSHGH (7.0 +/- 0.6 gN/day) than with placebo (4.4 +/- 0.7 gN/day). The BSHGH group were lighter (53 +/- 4.6 kg body weight) than controls (68 +/- 5.1 kg), but the difference was not significant. Resting energy expenditure (expressed as percentage of day 1) increased throughout the study in patients receiving BSHGH (day 7, 120.8 +/- 5.5%), whereas in patients receiving placebo it remained stable (day 7, 98.9 +/- 2.7%). The nonprotein respiratory quotients were similar for BSHGH (mean days 4-7, 0.94 +/- 0.04) and placebo (mean days 4-7, 0.93 +/- 0.01) (p greater than 0.05). This study demonstrates more positive nitrogen balance, which may in part be due to different substrate loads, and an increase in energy expenditure in patients receiving BSHGH.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic effects of adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone in patients with continuing sepsis receiving parenteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant growth hormone is advocated for treating the catabolism of prolonged sepsis not corrected by parenteral nutrition alone. METHODS: An open study was performed in which eight patients whose postabsorptive resting energy expenditure was persistently elevated by a mean of 19% as a result of continuing sepsis were randomized to receive 0.03 or 0.06 mg/kg recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) each evening for 7 days adjuvant to total parenteral nutrition. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their binding proteins IGFBP-1 and -3 were measured before and after rhGH, and their relationship with rates of whole-body protein turnover was determined in the morning in the postabsorptive state by using L-[1-13C]leucine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Before rhGH, the patients were hyperinsulinemic (mean, 44.4 mU/L) but had growth hormone levels within the normal range (< 10 mU/L). After the seventh dose of rhGH, nocturnal growth hormone concentrations rose to a mean of 35.3 +/- 26.1 and 61.3 +/- 21.05 mU/L for the low and higher dose groups, respectively. Morning IGF-1 concentrations showed a small increase during treatment, rising from a mean of 241.3 +/- 99.0 to 301.7 +/- 167.3 ng/mL for the low-dose group and from 214.5 +/- 74.6 to 294.1 +/- 116.9 ng/mL for the higher-dose group. IGF-2 increased slightly by 89 +/- 39 and 75 +/- 49 ng/mL for the low and higher doses, respectively. IGFBP-1 and -3 and insulin did not change. The balance between nitrogen input and urinary urea nitrogen increased after rhGH by a mean of 5.3 g/d with no differences between the two dosage groups (4.74 +/- 1.56 g/d for the higher dose, 5.94 +/- 3.70 g/d for the lower). No significant changes were observed in whole-body protein turnover after a 1-week course of rhGH.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of protein metabolism in the surgical patient. Effect of 48-hour continuous epidural block with local anesthetics on leucine kinetics.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To quantitate the possible nitrogen-sparing effect induced by continuous epidural block during the flow phase of surgical trauma, protein kinetics were measured in patients undergoing colorectal surgery and receiving a constant protein intake. METHODS: Epidural block was established in two groups of eight patients each before surgery with 0.75% bupivacaine, and after surgery sensory analgesia (T4 to S5) was maintained with 0.25% bupivacaine. In the first group, the neural block was maintained for 24 hours, while in the second group, it was maintained for 48 hours. Protein synthesis and breakdown and amino acid oxidation were measured by a stable isotope dilution technique using a primed constant infusion of labeled leucine. Changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were estimated by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: All measurement were made before and 2 and 4 days after surgery. Whole body protein synthesis and breakdown and VO2 and VCO2 increased significantly (P < .05) in the 24-hour group after surgery compared with presurgical levels during the second postoperative day. In contrast, no significant increase was found in the 48-hour group, which had an effective neural block during the isotope infusion. On the fourth postoperative day, whole body protein metabolism was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Direct application of isotope tracer methodology to acute studies confirms the beneficial effects of epidural block with local anesthetics in modulating body nitrogen losses.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lansoprazole plus clarithromycin: evaluation of a new dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lansoprazole plus clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A total of 26 patients with H. pylori infection were randomised to receive clarithromycin, 500 mg t.i.d. for 14 days, plus either lansoprazole, 30 mg o.m., (group L30, n = 13) or lansoprazole, 30 mg b.i.d., (group L60, n = 13). H. pylori status was determined pre-treatment and four to six weeks after completion of the study medication by histology and 13C-urea breath test. Two patients were unable to complete the course of medication. Of the remaining 24 patients, 14 (58%) successfully eradicated H. pylori--8/12 (67%) patients in group L30 and 6/12 (50%) in group L60. Side-effects were experienced by 17/26 (65%) of patients, most commonly a taste disturbance. The results from this pilot study suggest that dual therapy with lansoprazole plus clarithromycin is only a moderately effective regimen for eradicating H. pylori.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗