Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Hallberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Hallberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Circulatory and lipolytic effects of parathyroid hormone. An experimental study in dogs.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was given intravenously to anesthesized adult dogs. Blood flows were measured with electromagnetic probes in different vascular areas concomitant with analysis of glycerol, free fatty acid, calcium, glucose, sodium, potassium, albumin, carbon-dioxid and creatinine. PTH consistently caused an immediate increment in blood flow in the celiac vasculature and a following, less pronounced increase in the renal artery. These changes were effectuated by a vasodilatation. The degree and duration of the flow increments were dose dependent; The celiac artery was more sensitive to the effect of PTH than the renal artery. In celiac artery maximal increase above basal flow was 58 +/- 27% (Mean +/- S.D.), in renal artery 25 +/- 12%. A significant lipolytic action of PTH was consistently notable within minutes after the administration of PTH. The other parameters analysed in blood remained unchanged sixty to ninety minutes after the PTH injections. Then a hypercalcemic effect of PTH appeared. A lipolytic action of PTH could be demonstrated with PTH doses which did not induce hypercalcemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

S-tryptophan concentrations after intestinal bypass in extreme obesity.

Treatment of extreme obesity with jejunoileostomy was followed by a decreased level of S-tryptophan; permanently low concentrations were recorded postoperatively in 29 out of 52 patients. Patients in the low tryptophan group had a higher rate of weight loss and a hgiehr incidecnce of electrolyte disturbances and signs of liver injury. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were slightly more common in patients with low S-tryptophan. The influence of a decreased S-albumin and a deranged amino acid pattern on the non-protein-bound fraction of S-tryptophan needs further investigation. Serum levels of tryptophan rose significantly after rwo weeks' oral supplementation with 1.2 g L-tryptophan daily; this dosage was insufficient to normalize a low S-tryptophan level in patients who have undergone jejunoileostomy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Obesity, plasma lipids and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte functions.

20 obese subjects were compared with 20 controls with normal weight regarding their polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte functions, and plasma lipids. The obese subjects showed a significantly decreased PMN bactericidal capacity, and increased PMN adherence. No differences were found in their mean PMN chemotaxis and opsonic capacity of plasma. The values of plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids were higher in the obese, while plasma cholesterol and phospholipids corresponded to the control values. The changes in granulocyte function did not correlate significantly to plasma lipid levels or to body weight and Broca's index in either group. --It is concluded that changes in granulocyte function occur in obesity, but are not related to plasma lipids or degree of overweight.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Acute pancreatitis treated with and without addition of insulin.

During a five-year period 365 cases of acute pancreatitis were treated one or several times. 165 subjects were treated on 222 occasions without insulin included in the therapeutic arsenal and 258 subjects were treated on 408 occasions with insulin included in the therapy. The insulin treated group had a significantly lower mortality rate (7.9 and 1.9% respectively). No other systematic factors of importance for the difference were found.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Removal of exogenous triglycerides in subjects with massive obesity before and after jejunoileal shunt operation.

The fractional removal rate of exogenous triglycerides (TG) in 12 obese subjects with a mean body weight of 132+/-5 kg (S.E.M.) has been studied before a jejunoileal shunt operation. The study was repeated postoperatively at stable body weights 30-54 months later. The weight loss ranged from 13 to 65 kg (mean weight reduction 27%). In 8 patients, 0.3-6.0 kg of skin and subcutaneous tissue were removed surgically for cosmetic reasons during the weight reduction period. Serum cholesterol fell from 220+/-8 to 141+/-11 mg/100 ml (p less than 0.001). The serum TG reduction was not significant, 1.80+/-0.25 before and 1.50+/-0.19 mmol/l after operation. The fractional removal rate of exogenous TG, determined by the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) with the Intralipid fat emulsion, was not significantly changed. The IVFFT k2 value was 3.5+/-0.5%/min before and 4.3+/-0.6 after surgery (p greater than 0.05). Previous studies have shown that a major part of Intralipid is removed initially in skeletal muscle. The unchanged fractional removal rate of Intralipid, despite the marked reduction in the amount of adipose tissue, supports the concept that the adipose tissue may play a minor role in the initial elimination of exogenous TG from the bloodstream.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Immunological function in patients operated on with small intestinal shunts for morbid obesity.

Obese individuals, operated on with intestinal shunts, have been investigated with regard to immunological functions. After operation strong increases in skin reactions of immediate and delayed type were observed. Analysis of total WBC and differential counts, percentage T lymphocytes, immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte reactivity yielded no explanation of the findings.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Total parenteral nutrition after small intestinal bypass operation in rats.

A jejuno-ileal bypass operation which excluded about 85% of the small intestine was conducted in two groups of rats to evaluate the effects of oral feeding versus total parental nutrition (TPN). One group received food orally while another group received TPN. Two other groups of nutritive control animals underwent laparotomy and suture markings on the intestine. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after the shunt or sham operation. The liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen were weighed. The wet and dry weights and the villus height of small intestinal segments were also determined. The shunt-operated TPN rats showed a body weight gain of 28% over the initial body weight while the orally fed animals showed an increase of 3.2%. The TPN controls had a negative nitrogen balance only on the day of the sham operation, whereas the TPN shunt-operated animals changed to positive nitrogen balance on the second postoperative day. The wet weights of the liver, kidneys and spleen were significantly higher in TPN animals. The functioning region of the small intestine in the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN animals, but there were greater quantitative changes in the orally fed animals. The experiments demonstrated the beneficial effect in rats of TPN over oral nutrition for the treatment of surgically induced malabsorption. The studies also showed that the small intestine is capable of developing compensatory mucosal action without intraluminal nutritive content, although the presence of food in the lumen appears to stimulate morphological changes to a greater extent after massive small bowel resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Morphological changes in the small intestine following jejuno-ileal shunt in parenterally fed rats.

In order to study the importance of the presence of food in the intestinal lumen during the process of adaptation occurring after diminished absorptive surface, four groups of rats were operated upon. In two experimental groups a jejuno-ileal bypass was created, which excluded about 85% of the small intestine. The two control groups underwent laparotomy and suture-marking of the intestine. One experimental and one control group received standard oral nutrition. The other two groups were solely nourished by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Two weeks after operation the animals were sacrificed; intestinal wet and dry weight per 3 cm and villus height were determined from five small intestinal segments. The functioning part of the small intestine of the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN groups as compared with the sham-operated controls with the corresponding nutrition. The hypertrophy comprised significant changes of wet and dry weight and villus height. These values were, however, more increased in the orally fed animals, expressed in absolute figures. The percentual increase of villus height was greater in the TPN animals. The experiments demonstrated that rats with adequate parenteral nutrition two weeks after 85% small intestinal bypass operation develop hypertrophic changes of the intestinal mucosa. This indicates the existence of a non-food-dependent mechanism in the development of adaptive mucosa changes, nevertheless the presence of food seems to stimulate quantitatively higher changes. The presence of food is also of importance for maintaining the intestinal mass.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1976

Morphological changes of the small intestine following jejuno-ileal shunt in obese subjects.

The forty-seven patients in this study suffered of massive obesity and underwent jejuno-ileal shunt operations. Seventeen of them had a second laparotomy for various reasons. At both operations, a number of measurements were made; the length of the functioning jejunal and ileal segments and, in biopsies, the intestinal villus height were determined. The second laparotomies were not performed until at least 6 months after establishment of jejuno-ileal bypass. The mean length of functioning jejunum was increased by 33% (p less than 0.05) and the mean elongation of functioning ileum by 73% (p less than 0.001). The mean villus height in functioning jejunum increased by 33% (p less than 0.001) and in functioning ileum by 70% (p less than 0.001). The mean villus height in the jejunal blind loop decreased by 30% (p less than 0.001). The demonstrated hypertrophic changes in the functioning part of the small intestine following jejuno-ileal bypass represent the morphological basis of functional intestinal adaptation. The effect of this adaptation is clearly shown in the characteristic weight diagram of an obese patient after bypass operation: the loss of weight cases, a period of stability ensues and then the patient begins to regain weight to some extent.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal hypertrophy after small intestinal bypass in the rat. Studies on methods and reversibility of changes.

A jejuno-ileostomy was created in rats, bupassing 85--90% of the small intestine, by means of a self-emptying blind loop. Control animals were subjected to laparotomy and suture-making of vie intestinal segments. At the end of the experiments, intestinal wet and dry weight and villus height were determined in the five different segments of the small intestine taken from both experimental and control animals. After 2 weeks, a significant hypertrophy occurred in the functioning part of the small intestine of the shunt-operated animals, while an atrophy occurred in the blind loop. In a shunt-operated group of animals, the normal anatomy was re-established after 2 weeks and the animals were sacrificed 4 weeks later and compared with (a) control animals, (b) shunt-operated animals. In the re-operated animals, the hypertrophic changes disappeared and, except for the increased wet weight of one jejunal and one ileal segment (p less than 0.05), there were no significant differences in comparison with the control animals. The villus height did not differ significantly from that of the control animals, except for the second jejunal segment, whicntestine of the rat, developing during the 2 weeks after establishment of a jejuno-ileal bypass, are reversible within 4 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The influence of a chemical diet on the intestinal mucosa after jejuno-ileal bypass in the rat.

Loss of functioning small intestine (by resection or bypass) is followed by adaptive hypertrophic changes in the remaining functioning part of the small bowel. These changes are usually referred to as "compensatory". The mechanism behind these changes is unknown. In order to clarify the importance of a chemically defined diet (Vivasorb) on the development of the hypertrophic changes, rats operated upon with jejuno-ileal bypass, excluding about 85% of the small intestine, were divided into two groups. One group was nourished with standard pellet food and the other with Vivasorb. Control animals with simple laparotomy were also divided into the corresponding two dietary groups. After 2 weeks, wet and dry weight per 3 cm intestine and villus height was determined. In both diet groups the result was hypertrophy of the functioning part of the small intestine and atrophy of the blind loop with significantly cahnged villus heights as compared with controls on the same diet. The results indicate that a chemically defined, virtually bulk-free diet is capable of stimulating the mucosa of the small intestine to develop compensatory adaptive changes in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cell size and the antilipolytic effect of insulin in human subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Lipolysis was studied in subcutaneous adipose tissue removed under local or general anaesthesia from subjects with marked difference in body weight and from obese subjects before and after intestinal shunt operations. The release of glycerol was measured in sections of adipose tissue incubated for two hours in bicarbonate buffer containing 4 per cent bovine albumin with no glucose added. The larger fat cells were more insulin sensitive than the smaller. A positive relationship was observed between the fat cell size and the antilipolytic effect of insulin (100 muU/ml). Insulin had no significant effect on the lipolytic effect of the catecholamines, when this is calculated as the increment in the glycerol release above the basal.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Bone mass in obese subjects.

The inner and outer diameters of the cortex have been measured in 32 obese subjects in the middle of the second metacarpal bone and in the proximal part of radius. The results, which were compared with an age-matched control group, showed that the obese subjects had, on an average, an 11 percent larger cortical area than the controls (p smaller than 0.05). The increased cortical area was caused by the greater outer diameter of the measured bones. There were no significant differences in inner diameters betwee the groups. The inner diameters increased with age in the same way in both obese and control persons, indicating the the former are not protected against osteoporosis in the form of endosteal resorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of substance P on various vascular beds in the dog.

Using the electromagnetic flowmeter technique, the blood flow in the aorta, carotid, hepatic, superior mesenteric, renal and femoral arteries and portal vein was recorded during continuous i.v. infusion of synthetic Substance P (SP) in 8 dogs. Systemic and portal blood pressures were recorded. A significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure was recorded at infusion of SP in the femoral vein at a rate of 2.5 ng x min-1 x kg b.w.-1 or higher. Portal venous blood pressure increased. A rapid increase in the carotid, hepatic, mesenteric and portal blood flow was obtained at infusion rates of 1.2 ng x min-1 x kg b.w.-1 or higher. The femoral artery responded with a late, transient increase in flow, with a return to the base level while the infusion was still in progress. The renal artery 0lood flow decreased slightly at low infusion rates and increased at higher. At SP infusions in the portal vein the infusion rate had to be increased to 20 ng x min-1 x kg b.w.-1 or higher before any general vascular reactions lere recorded, indicating that the liver has a high capacity for inactivating SP.

Animals↗