Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Gross

Publications and source records attributed to D Gross.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Animal model of isolated gonadotropin deficiency. I. Hormonal responses to LHRH immunoneutralization.

Five intact male mongrel dogs, characterized by an episodic secretory pattern of LH and normal serum testosterone concentrations, were actively immunized against LHRH by subcutaneous injections of 200 micrograms of a LHRH-human serum albumin conjugate at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. After 12 weeks, two dogs having the highest antibody titers to LHRH (25% and 51% binding of 125I-LHRH in serum diluted 1:1000 B/Bo) had low to nondetectable serum concentrations of LH and testosterone, whereas serum FSH concentrations were significantly reduced in only one of these dogs. Immunocytochemical techniques showed that the pituitaries of these same two dogs had smaller and fewer LH immunoreactive gonadotropes than did the pituitaries of another three immunized-nonaffected dogs or of the five nonimmunized control dogs. The two LHRH-immunized dogs characterized by hypogonadotropism also had reduced testis (4.0 and 4.0 g) and prostate (2.1 and 1.7 g) weights when compared to control dogs (testis: 12.1 +/- 1.0 g and prostate: 9.2 +/- 1.9 g). LHRH antibody titers in three immunized dogs were demonstrable (8.1, 9.8, and 14.2% B/Bo), but effects on LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations, pituitary gonadotropes, and reproductive tissue weights were not apparent. The similarity in hormonal and tissue responses observed between dogs effectively immunized against LHRH and men with isolated gonadotropin deficiency suggests that the LHRH-immunized dog may provide a suitable experimental model for the study of patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Animal model of isolated gonadotropin deficiency. II. Morphologic responses to LHRH immunoneutralization.

Morphologic changes in the male reproductive system of mongrel dogs immunized against LHRH were quantitated using linear measurements and morphometric techniques at the light-microscopic level. Two experimental groups (5 nonimmunized control animals and 5 actively immunized animals) were killed 12 weeks after the primary immunization. No significant differences were observed between three immunized dogs having low LHRH antibody titers (immunized-unaffected) and the five nonimmunized control dogs. The two immunized dogs (affected) with the highest antibody titers against LHRH were characterized by atrophy and dedifferentiation of the testes, prostate, and excurrent ducts. The morphologic changes in the testes of these two dogs were striking and included an apparent arrest or significant reduction in the spermatogenic process, concurrent epithelial degeneration, and apparent diminution of Leydig cell mass. Drastic reductions in the size of the prostatic acini and epithelial cells, as well as loss of secretory granules, reflected depression of function and androgen production. Similarly, in the excurrent ducts decreases in the measured parameters and loss of regional cytoplasmic specialization denoted functional decrescence. This study demonstrates the regressive effects of LHRH immunoneutralization on the morphology of the reproductive system in the male dog and further supports the feasibility of this system as an animal model for the study of isolated gonadotropin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of food-deprivation on rat pancreatic islet cells.

Somatostatin, insulin and glucagon concentrations in rat pancreas were measured following various intervals of food-deprivation. Tissue concentrations, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were correlated with A-, B-, and D-cell number and size using a scanning integrating image analyzer (Quantimet 720). Alterations in total islet hormone content were not correlated to changes in size or distribution of cells. This implies that changes in tissue content reflect changes in turnover of peptides rather than changes in cell size or number.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of the effectiveness of a dexpanthenol containing artificial tears solution (Siccaprotect) in treatment of dry eyes].

PURPOSE: In this controlled, randomized, double-masked study the effect of dexpanthenol-containing artificial tears (Siccaprotect) on patients with dry eyes was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 50 patients applied either dexpanthenol-containing artificial tears (Siccaprotect) or the identical, but free of dexpanthenol, eye drops five times daily into the conjunctival sac. No other ophthalmics were administered. The corneal epithelial permeability was measured by fluorophotometry and Schirmer-Test, Rose Bengal staining, tear film break-up time and the patients' subjective complaints were determined before and after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The dexpanthenol-containing artificial tears (Siccaprotect) improved disturbances of the corneal epithelial permeability significantly in comparison to the dexpanthenol-free eyes drops. The other parameters didn't show relevant differences. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in dry eyes, treatment with dexpanthenol-containing eye drops leads to a favorable and comparing with dexpanthenol-free eye drops superior improvement in disturbances of corneal epithelium permeability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recruiting families of color from the inner city: insights from the recruiters.

Family interviewers hired to recruit families of color from low-income communities into a health promotion/prevention research project participated in a focus group to describe their experiences. The family interviewers described (1) recruitment techniques, (2) personal attributes they thought made a difference in their recruitment and retention efforts, (3) barriers they faced during recruitment, and (4) the experience of working for a white researcher.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mentally ill mothers of young children. Analysis of in-patient chart reviews.

When a mother is hospitalized for psychiatric treatment, nurses are presented with an opportunity to assess parenting disorders and identify early parent-child disturbances. The purpose of this article is to discuss the parenting issues recorded in 21 charts of hospitalized, mentally ill mothers who had a child less than 6 years old. Based on this chart review, three themes related to parenting young children emerged: (1) how psychiatric symptoms affected the mother's ability to parent her children; (2) the difficulty the mother had finding the energy to care for her children; and (3) the mother's need to be with her children in spite of her difficulty caring for them. None of the charts contained assessments of the quality of the mother-child relationship or the mother's ability to resume her maternal role following discharge. The implications of these findings for nursing practice, education and research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing psychotropic medication side effects among children. A reliability study.

The Dosage Record Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES) is a rating scale for measuring the presence and intensity of psychotropic medication side effects. Studies to evaluate its reliability have not been published. The purposes of this pilot study are to (1) develop a protocol for training raters to use the DOTES, (2) assess inter-rater agreement, 3) examine the reasons for disagreement among raters to clarify training procedures and symptom definitions, and (4) further refine this instrument for use in clinical and research settings. Five nurses were trained to use the DOTES to rate the absence or presence and intensity of specific medication side effects. After training, Raters 1, 2, and 3 watched a videotape of a nurse interviewing a 13-year-old child and completed the DOTES rating scale. There was agreement on the intensities of 6 (67%) of the 9 symptoms identified as present and agreement on 17 (89%) of the 19 symptoms identified as absent. Process tracings were conducted on the ratings of Nurses 4 and 5 to elicit the criteria they used to determine their ratings. The results of the process tracings were used to identify ambiguities that led to disagreement among raters so that the training protocol and interview could be improved.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Child bereavement after paternal suicide.

BACKGROUND: Studies of child suicide survivors are rare and often these studies have not included direct interviews with children. OBJECTIVES: To describe the bereavement process in a sample of prepubertal children whose fathers died by suicide within the previous three years. METHODS: Sixteen prepubertal children, their mothers, and a relative or caretaker were interviewed to examine grief, trauma, and behavior within 25 months of paternal suicide. RESULTS: Reminiscing was the most frequently endorsed grief behavior. Males were more likely than females to score above the standard means for CBCL scores. PTSD scores were significantly related to parental threats of divorce and exposure to death by discovery of the body. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of grief and trauma as separate and overlapping phenomena is supported by the study findings.

Bereavement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ginseng improves pulmonary functions and exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Ginseng is a root that has been used to treat patients with various illnesses for the last 2000 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginseng extract (G115) on Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) in patients with moderately-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Ninety-two adults were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 49, G115 100 mg bid for three months) and placebo-control (n = 43) groups. PFTs, MVV and MIP were studied before treatment and every two weeks for the 3-month-study period. Exercise test and VO2max measurements were performed before the beginning and after six weeks and three months. P lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Baseline demographics and pulmonary parameters were similar between the groups. In the experimental, but not in the control group, all parameters significantly increased above baseline and compared with the placebo group. Maximum increase, compared with baseline was FVC-32.5%, FEV1.0-27.0%, PEF-27.5%, FEF50-45.4%, FEF75-56.9%, MVV-40.4%, MIP-47.0% and VO2max-37.5%. No side effects were observed. G115 100 mg bid for three months, but not placebo, improved PFTs, MVV, MIP and VO2 max in patients with moderately-severe COPD with no side effects.

Double-Blind Method↗