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Biomedical subjects

D Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Greenberg.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cyclic AMP signal transduction in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signal transduction was examined in lymphocytes and platelets obtained from patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Intact lymphocytes from the posttraumatic patients (N = 10) showed significantly lower basal, isoproterenol-, and forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels than those from 10 healthy control subjects. In platelet membrane preparations, basal, forskolin-, aluminum chloride plus sodium fluoride-, and prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity levels were all significantly lower in the posttraumatic group than in the control group. The authors discuss the potential role of their findings as a biological marker for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1987

Compulsive hoarding.

Four cases of compulsive hoarding are described, all sharing the following characteristics: (1) onset in the twenties, (2) preoccupation with hoarding to the exclusion of work and family, (3) diminished insight, (4) little interest in receiving treatment, (5) no attempt to curb their compulsion. They do not show clear psychotic features. The implications of these characteristics for the diagnosis of hoarding are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Estimating the plasma time-activity curve during radionuclide renography.

Quantitative analysis of the radionuclide renogram requires an estimate of the plasma time-activity curve. This estimate is usually obtained from an externally detected blood-pool curve that is calibrated with a single plasma sample. However, external probes detect activity in the extravascular as well as the intravascular space. This may lead to significant errors in estimating the plasma time-activity curve. A method for overcoming this problem by using a continuously varying calibration factor based upon multiple plasma samples was therefore evaluated. Externally detected blood-pool curves were used to estimate the plasma time-activity curves obtained from rabbits during radionuclide renography. Estimates obtained using the externally detected curves calibrated with a constant calibration factor were found to be significantly biased, while estimates obtained using the externally detected curves calibrated with the continuously varying calibration factor were not.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reduced fat stores after early weaning: a correlate of vulnerability of stress ulcers.

Rats prematurely weaned at day 15 (15w) are more susceptible to restraint-induced gastric erosions (RGEs) than rats weaned normally at day 21 (21w). Increased RGE susceptibility is linked to nutritional changes occurring during premature weaning and to a disturbance of temperature regulation during restraint. Here we examine the hypotheses that: premature weaning leads to decreases in fat stores, a decrease in fat stores is associated with the occurrence of RGEs and hypothermia. Wet weights of white and brown adipose tissue deposits were determined in 30 day old 15w and 21w rats before or subsequent to food deprivation and restraint. In additional 21w animals we excised bilateral inguinal fat depots or interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) prior to food deprivation and restraint. Stomachs were examined for the presence of RGEs. Early weaned (15w), but not 21w rats became hypothermic and developed RGEs. White and brown adipose tissue weighed significantly less in 15w rats than in 21w rats, and 15w rats used a larger percentage of white adipose tissue. Excision of BAT, but not white adipose tissue increased RGE susceptibility of 21w rats. We conclude that the occurrence of RGEs in 15w rats is associated with decreased fat stores. Furthermore, the results suggest that BAT protects against RGE formation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Intraduodenal infusions of fat inhibit sham feeding in Zucker rats.

Intraduodenal infusions of Intralipid in concentrations of 0.125 kcal/ml to 1 kcal/ml inhibited sham feeding of lean and obese Zucker rats significantly. The inhibitory potency of the fat infusions on sham feeding in both genotypes was a function of the concentration of Intralipid infused. The inhibition of sham feeding by Intralipid infusions was accompanied by the specific sequence of behaviors that characterizes satiety. Evidence supporting differential effectiveness of intraduodenal fat in producing satiety in obese and lean rats was equivocal. A conservative interpretation is that obese rats are not less sensitive than leans to the satiating potency of intraduodenal fat. We conclude that previously reported differences in the satiating potency of fats for obese and lean Zucker rats are not likely to be mediated by small intestinal mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pericarditis caused by beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae: report of two cases in adults and review of the literature.

Two adult patients with pericarditis caused by beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae are reported and their management reviewed. Both had pharyngitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, empyema, or septicemia and were cured with antimicrobics and pericardial drainage (one by catheter and one by surgery). Eleven previously reported cases of pericarditis caused by Haemophilus influenzae are also reviewed. In reviewing this rare cause of bacteria pericarditis, it is important to recognize the antibiotic resistance profile, the incidence of pericardial tamponade, and the use of surgical drainage. Antibiotic selection for this organism is also discussed, as well as the importance of biotyping.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Iodothiouracil as a melanoma localizing agent.

Thiouracil and various derivatives are selectively incorporated into the melanin pigment of melanomas during biosynthesis by serving as false melanin precursors. Using the transplantable Harding-Passey melanoma carried in BALB/c mice, we have extended our previous studies with sulfur-35 (35S) thiouracil. The persistence of high levels of [35S]thiouracil in tumor for periods of up to 2 wk has been demonstrated; during this time the drug content in normal tissues returned to near background levels. The variety of iodine isotopes available makes iodothiouracil a particularly promising melanoma-localizing agent. Tumor uptake and biodistribution of [35S]thiouracil and iodothiouracil (both iodine-127 (127I) and iodine-125 (125I) labeled) have been compared and were found to be essentially the same. The selectivity of [125I]thiouracil for melanoma has been qualitatively demonstrated by autoradiography of whole-body sections and quantitated by analysis of tumor and selected tissues. Iodothiouracil was also shown to localize in remote secondary metastases using a metastatic variant of the Harding-Passey melanoma currently being developed in our laboratory. These studies confirm the melanoma localizing capabilities of an iodinated thiouracil, and therefore the potential of using iodinated thiouracil derivatives for diagnosis and therapy of melanotic melanomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Developmentally regulated expression of a chicken muscle-specific gene in stably transfected rat myogenic cells.

To test the evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences specifying the developmentally regulated expression of the skeletal muscle actin gene, a recombinant plasmid containing the chicken skeletal muscle actin gene was introduced into rat myogenic cells. In a significant number of isolated clones, the accumulation of chicken actin mRNA increased greatly during differentiation. To test the expression in myogenic cells of a gene that is normally expressed during terminal differentiation of another tissue, rat myogenic cells were transfected with a mouse/human beta-globin chimeric gene. A decrease by a factor of 2-3 in the amount of globin mRNA during differentiation was observed in most clones in which the gene was expressed. The results indicate the conservation of the muscle-specific regulatory DNA sequences for more than 300 Myr.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Patients who complain of social dysfunction as their main problem: I. Clinical and demographic features.

Patients attending a clinic for behavioral psychotherapy included 46 whose main complaint was social dysfunction. Certain demographic variables and clinical features were found to predominate in this sub-group who meet all the criteria for avoidant personality disorder in the DSM-III. The significance of these findings is discussed, including their implications for diagnosis and management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Patients who complain of social dysfunction as their main problem: II. Comparison with other outpatients seen for behavior therapy.

Forty socially dysfunctional patients (avoidant personality disorder, DSM-III) and 76 other patients also seen for behavioral psychotherapy rated 30 items from the Social Situations Questionnaire on dimensions of distress and frequency of involvement. A discriminant function analysis showed that socially dysfunctional patients formed a distinct group as compared with other patients on ratings of distress. The main characteristics were over initiating social contact and carrying on a conversation with people one does not know. The separation between groups on the rating of frequency of involvement was less clear cut with some degree of overlap. The differences were in interactions with relative strangers and making decisions affecting them. A subsequent classification of cases using the derived discriminant function validated the above findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The search for epilepsies ideal for clinical and molecular genetic studies.

The first step in localizing the chromosomal site of specific epilepsies is to define their pattern of inheritance. This determination is now being carried out for benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; fifty multigenerational families are being studied in three separate epilepsy programs in Los Angeles, Winston-Salem, NC, and Berlin. Concurrent with these studies, investigators are combining the principles of classic linkage analysis, using 30 protein markers, with the use of restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms to determine the chromosomal location of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Two problems appear formidable, however. First, since the chromosomal location of specific epilepsies is unknown, the entire human genome must be screened. Second, once the location of a specific epilepsy gene is narrowed down to a region of 10(6) base pairs, the problem of identifying the actual molecular defect is difficult, especially if we have no assay or method to show that a given gene is culpable for producing epilepsy. An approach more likely to succeed is to use as markers the DNA fragments of proteins that are suspected to cause the disease in experimental models of genetic epilepsies; for example, the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes, which are suspected to cause myoclonic epilepsy in experimental animals, can be tested in benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. At the same time, other marker proteins could be used to locate the chromosomal site of other specific epilepsies. Once the chromosomal site is determined, recombinant DNA technology will permit the measurement of the precise arrangement of the genes for these restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms and protein markers at a given locus of a chromosome.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1984

Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice are predisposed to gastric stress ulcers.

Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and lean littermate controls were food deprived and subsequently physically restrained at normal room temperatures. Obese mice became hypothermic and developed gastric stress ulcers. Lean mice maintained normal body temperatures and did not form gastric ulcers. Oxygen consumption was measured during food deprivation and restraint. Obese and lean mice had parallel metabolic responses, with obese animals using significantly less oxygen at all times. The predisposition to formation of gastric ulcers is a new phenotypic expression of the ob/ob genotype. The pathogenesis of this susceptibility appears to be related to a genetic disturbance in heat production.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Are religious compulsions religious or compulsive: a phenomenological study.

Religious compulsions in four patients are presented to show the phenomenological similarities and differences between religious and compulsive rituals. The role of religious ritual observance in predisposing to obsessive-compulsive neurosis is discussed and minor modifications in the usual course of behavioral treatment are suggested. The proportion of religious compulsions among obsessive-compulsive neurotics is compared with two other populations studied.

Adult↗