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Biomedical subjects

D Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to D Gordon.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of prostaglandins E2 and I2 on human lymphocyte transformation in the presence and absence of inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis.

1 The reactivity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohaemagglutinin ([3H]-thymidine incorporation) was enhanced in indomethacin- and eicosatetraynoic acid-treated cells compared with untreated cells, from normal volunteers. This suggests that endogenously synthesized prostaglandins have an inhibitory effect during cell preparation and/or culture. 2 Prostaglandin E2 inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation induced by suboptimal phytohaemagglutinin concentrations and had a more potent effect on indomethacin-treated cells than on untreated cells. 3 Prostaglandin I2 also exhibited an inhibitory effect and, under defined conditions, was more potent than prostaglandin E2 or than prostacyclin which had been allowed to decay at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. 4 These results indicate that, in attempting to define altered lymphocyte reactivity in disease states, the involvement of prostaglandins should be considered both during cell preparation and culture.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Selection of occupational therapy students.

A research study on the selection of students for entrance into the basic professional four-year occupational therapy curriculum at Elizabethtown College is presented in this paper. The study has tow primary objectives: the determination of factors that could serve to discriminate between prospective students who would remain in the program from those would withdraw; and the development of a mathematical model that could be used in future years for student selection to the occupational therapy program. It is suggested that the model can be applied to any educational setting, can effectively streamline the usual admissions process, and can ensure that qualified students enter occupational therapy programs and thus be an additional indicator for the success and continuation of the profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnosis of coronary artery disease: value and limitations of non-invasive methods. (Ecg, thallium perfusion scintigraphy, radionuclide angiography) (author's transl)].

In order to compare the three non-invasive exercise tests Ecg, Thallium myocardial perfusion imaging and radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the results of these tests in a consecutive series of 30 patients and 14 controls were analyzed. In all 88 symptom-limited exercise tests a significantly higher double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure, mm Hg/min) was reached on a treadmill test (for Ecg and Thallium scintigraphy) as compared to the supine bicycle ergometer exercise (for radionuclide angiography: 243.1 +/- 61.1 vs. 215.2 +/- 46.5 x 10(2) (p less than 0.01). Considering all 132 diagnostic tests the overall sensitivity for rest/exercise Ecg was 67%, for Thallium scans 77%, for both combined 83% and for the ejection fraction response to exercise determined by radionuclide angiography 97%. If only the exercise response was considered, the corresponding sensitivity values were 60% (Ecg), 47% (Thallium scans), 70% (both tests combined) and 97% (radionuclide angiography). The specificity for coronary artery disease was determined to be 79% for Ecg, 86% for Thallium scintigraphy, 64% for Ecg/Thallium scans and 71% for radionuclide angiography. The most common reason for a false-positive result in all tests was found to be the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, whereas most false-negative results were seen in patients with single vessel right coronary artery disease. Based on these results, the clinical implications of the three non-invasive tests in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Suburbia: a small obstetric hospital in Brisbane.

In a small suburban obstetric hospital, during the period from July 1, 1963 to December 31, 1970, 3760 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were nine deaths per 1000 births, both live and still. During the same period, 4873 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners in the private/intermediate section of a large centrally sited obstetric teaching hospital. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were 18.9 per 1000 births, live and still. The reason for, and the implications of, these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandins as regulators in cellular immunity.

Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages have been shown to generate substantial concentrations of E-type prostaglandins during culture in vitro. Partially purified lymphokine preparations stimulate PGE production by macrophages. Exogenous PGE1 and PGE2 are potent inhibitors of lymphocyte activation and secretion of lymphokines causing lymphocyte mitogenesis and macrophage migration inhibition. Also indomethacin augments the secretion of these lymphokines in vitro. It is therefore suggested that production of PGE by macrophages provides a physiological mechanism for the regulation of lymphocyte activation in reactions of delayed hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Are racial differences in essential hypertension due to different pathogenetic mechanisms?

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity were measured in a control, British, urban population (n = 115) in which blacks were matched for age and sex with whites. 2. Similar measurements were made in subjects with essential hypertension (77 white and 23 black), and 48 healthy normotensive white civil servants. 3. In controls blood pressure was significantly higher in blacks; it correlated with age in both races and with pulse rate in blacks. There were no significant racial differences in plasma noradrenaline which was positively correlated with age in both blacks and whites. Mean plasma renin activity was 55% lower in blacks, and this difference was not related to urinary sodium excretion. 4. In hypertensive subjects plasma noradrenaline positively correlated with age in blacks. This relationship was not found in whites in whom 20% of young hypertensive subjects (less than 45 years) had significantly raised plasma noradrenaline. Plasma renin activity was again significantly lower in blacks. In white hypertensives plasma noradrenaline and renin activity were significantly correlated. 5. There may be racial differences in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Black People↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandin production by macrophages and the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs.

1 Macrophages derived from peritoneal cavity inflammatory exudates of guinea-pigs produced substantial amounts of prostaglandin E2-like activity during in vitro culture, so providing the basis for an experimental model of prostaglandin production during inflammatory reactions. 2 Dose-related inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis was demonstrated by 16 acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 3 Seven anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroid preparations inhibited prostaglandin production in a dose-related manner. The relative potencies of dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone were consistent with clinical anti-inflammatory ranking. Cortisone, however, failed to inhibit macrophage prostaglandin production. 4 Three other agents used in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases were examined. Sodium aurothiomalate inhibited prostaglandin production, although higher concentrations were toxic to macrophages. D-Penicillamine did not affect macrophage prostaglandin production. Colchicine, in contrast, enhanced prostaglandin production at some concentrations. 5 The probable significance of macrophages as a source of prostaglandins, during inflammatory responses, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandin production in arthritis.

Inflammatory cell populations from synovial effusions or synovial villi in rheumatoid arthritis have been cultured in vitro. Prostaglandin productive capacity, measured by radioimmunoassay, showed the polymorphonuclear leucocyte rich populations from synovial effusions to be poor sources of PGE production whereas the synovial fragments produced substantial amounts of PGE activity. It is suggested that the macrophage is the major source of local prostaglandin formation both in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1978

Effect of a local cold stress on peripheral temperatures of Inuit, Oriental, and Caucasian subjects.

Male subjects comprised of six Inuit from Igloolik, N.W.T., and five Orientals and six Caucasians from Toronto, Ont., volunteered for tests to determine the effect of localized cold stress on peripheral temperatures. In each subject, skin temperatures of the right index finger, the arm, and the cheek, as well as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured before, during, and after foot immersion in water of 10 degrees C temperature for 10 min. There was an immediate decrease in finger temperature on foot immersion in all three subject groups; however, the Inuit finger temperatures recovered very quickly to control values, the Caucasian finger temperatures began to increase after decreasing for 7.5 min, and the Oriental finger temperatures decreased continuously during the foot immersion and remained cool even 10 min after the removal of the cold stimulus. The cold stimulus did not affect the cheek or arm temperatures of any of the groups. In all subjects, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates increased on foot immersion, gradually returning towards normal values. No intergroup differences were seen in these parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Arteriovenous shunts involving the liver.

Arteriovenous shunting in the liver is a rare angiographic finding. Review of the literature shows that most cases are related to trauma or neoplasm. The authors discuss several entities which should also be included in the differential diagnosis, among them congenital arteriovenous malformations or hemangiomas of the liver and pancreas, cirrhosis with rearterialization of the liver, hepatic abscess, hypervascular liver metastases, and primary tumors with invasion of the portal and hepatic veins by arterial neovasculature.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Hematologic abnormalities and pain during acute opiate abstinence syndrome.

Opiate addicts receiving nonmethadone, symptomatic, chemotherapeutic treatment for the abstinence syndrome (at Terros' Opiate Detoxification Program), complained of pains that appeared unrelated to abstinence. The pains reported were primarily lumbosacral pains, joint pains, abdominal cramps, and muscle cramps in the lower extremities. Admission laboratory tests on 150 addicts were used in an attempt to correlate the blood chemistry with the type of pains described. Results of this preliminary screening indicate that a high uric acid level and a low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) may be related in females with joint pains and males with lumbrosacral pains. Values obtained from the nomogram indicate that all addicts have less than 50% of the total serum calcium in ionized form, and the low serum ionized calcium content is associated with abdominal and muscle pains, although 72% of all the addicts studied were within the 3.5 to 4.0 mg range. Hyperproteinemia, low BUN, high uric acid, and low serum ionized calcium were the most significant of the blood chemistry values. Blood glucose levels were not included due to the fact that test were not necessarily fasting results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Portacaval shunt with arterialization of the portal vein by means of a low flow arteriovenous fistula.

A new operative technique was designed combining an end-to-side portacaval shunt with arterialization of the intrahepatic portal vein by means of a saphenous vein graft between the right gastroepiploic artery and the stump of the portal vein. The objective of this operation is to perfuse the hepatic portion of the portal vein with a low volume of arterial blood to ameliorate the adverse metabolic consequences of portosystemic decompression. The procedure was performed upon 18 patients with one operative mortality. The mean follow-up period is 15.4 months. The benefits of this operation are evident in the prevention of hepatic decompensation and avoidance of encephalophy, thus permiting unrestricted protein intake. The operation is well tolerated, and the operative mortality appears to be less than that following conventional shunting procedures.

Adult↗