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Biomedical subjects

D Goldfarb

Publications and source records attributed to D Goldfarb.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Beneficial effect of verapamil in ischemic acute renal failure in the rat.

To investigate the possible protective effect of Ca2+ blockers in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), verapamil, in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg body wt/min was administered for 100 min, starting 15 min before the total occlusion of the left renal artery after right nephrectomy in rats. Mean 24-hr creatinine clearance, blood urea, and serum creatinine levels, 24 hr after declamping, were used as a measure of kidney function. These values which were 135 +/- 1.9 microliter/min, 231 +/- 22 mg%, and 2.25 +/- 0.22 mg%, respectively, in the untreated rats, were found to be significantly different, i.e., 326.3 +/- 33.2 microliter/min, P less than 0.001, 112 +/- 25 mg%, P less than 0.001, and 1.26 +/- 0.28 mg%, P less than 0.01, respectively, in the verapamil-treated animals. Increased 24-hr total urine creatinine, sodium, osmolality, and a lower fractional excretion of sodium were also observed in the verapamil-treated rats with ARF. The combination of propranolol 1 mg/kg body wt/min and verapamil 10 micrograms/kg body wt/min for 100 min had no additive effect on renal function. In another group of ARF rats in which verapamil was started after declamping, no alleviating effect was observed. It is concluded that verapamil, an inhibitor of cellular membrane transport, when given prior to the renal ischemia, offers a partial but significant protection in this model of ischemic ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of hypertension in dialysis and essential hypertension patients with nifedipine.

The immediate antihypertensive effect of 10 mg nifedipine sublingually (nifedipine test), was measured in 19 chronic renal failure hypertensive patients on dialysis and 34 essential hypertensive patients with normal kidney function. The blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups. The minimal values were observed between 30 and 60 minutes after the sublingual administration of nifedipine. The blood pressure decreased from 178 +/- 3.3/104.0 +/- 3.9 to 136.0 +/- 4.7/87.5 +/- 5.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in dialysis patients and from 176.8 +/- 4.5/107.1 +/- 2.4 to 133.0 +/- 3.0/81.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg in essential hypertension patients (p less than 0.001). The decrease in blood pressure during the test had a significant positive correlation with the pre-test values. Thirteen hypertensive patients on dialysis and 20 essential hypertensive patients completed 2 weeks of daily oral nifedipine therapy, with a dose of 30 to 40 mg per day. The mean blood pressure at the end of the 2 weeks of treatment decreased from 179.5 +/- 4.5/108.5 +/- 5.3 mm Hg to 154.4 +/- 6.3/82.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in dialysis patients, and from 176.8 +/- 5.8/110.3 +/- 2.9 to 151.3 +/- 5.3/93.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in essential hypertension patients. The present results reveal that nifedipine has a powerful immediate as well as a long-term antihypertensive action in dialysis patients with high blood pressure. This effect is similar to that obtained in essential hypertensive patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Lithium prevents saline deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension in the rat.

Uni-nephrectomized rats drinking 1% saline instead of water, were given Doca intramuscularly, 50 mg/kg BW per week for 2 weeks. The mean blood pressure in the control group was 105 +/- 4 (+/- S.E.) mm Hg, whereas in the Doca-saline group it rose to 152 +/- 5.1 (p less than 0.001). Rats, similarly treated, were placed on daily intraperitoneal lithium injections of either of two doses: 1.5 or 3.0 mEq/kg BW per day. Their blood pressures, at the end of 2 weeks of treatment, were 117 +/- 2 mm Hg and 103 +/- 2.1, respectively (p less than 0.001 vs. lithium-untreated Doca-saline rats). Water-drinking rats, receiving daily intraperitoneal lithium (3 mEq/kg BW) for 2 weeks, had normal blood pressures, not different from the controls (104 +/- 11 mm Hg). The Doca-saline and Doca-saline-lithium (1.5 mEq/kg/day) groups had similar changes in mean daily body weight, plasma sodium, osmolality, and GFR. The renal beta-adrenergic receptor density in the Doca-saline-lithium rats was in the normal range, 51 +/- 4.5 mol/mg of protein. In the Doca-saline hypertensive rats, it was significantly lower, being 27.2 +/- 3 fmol/mg of protein, p less than 0.05. These renal plasma cell membrane beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized by direct tissue binding with (-)[3H]dihydroalprenolol. These results show that lithium prevents the development of hypertension in the Doca-saline rats. The effect of lithium on the sympathetic nervous system is a possible mechanism in the prevention of the Doca-saline hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Sodium, potassium and age: possible determinants of plasma renin activity and aldosterone during childhood (age 4-16).

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was studied in fifty healthy children aged 4-16 years under normal sodium and potassium intake. The plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) decreased with age: r = -0.30, P less than 0.05 for plasma renin activity and r = -0.33, P less than 0.05 for plasma aldosterone. Significant negative correlation was obtained between plasma renin activity and the 24-h urinary sodium excretion; r = -0.40, P less than 0.01. This relationship remained significant when the daily urinary sodium excretion was corrected for 1.73 m2 body surface area (BSA); r = -0.40, P less than 0.01. Using the multivariance analysis, plotting the plasma renin activity against the two combined parameters (24-h urinary sodium excretion and age), no improvement was obtained (r = 0.38, P greater than 0.05). This finding suggests that during childhood, sodium rather than age has a major modulatory role on plasma renin activity. With advancing age the plasma aldosterone showed a significant positive correlation coefficient with plasma renin activity(r = 0.29, P less than 0.05). Multivariance analysis between plasma aldosterone and the two combined parameters, Plasma renin activity and age, significantly improved the correlation coefficient (r = 0.42, P less than 0.05) suggesting that both plasma renin activity and age play a dominant modulatory role in the control of plasma aldosterone during childhood. Neither 24-h urinary sodium excretion, nor 24-h urinary potassium excretion, improved the multiple correlation coefficient with plasma aldosterone when added to plasma renin activity and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis patients treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements. A study of 16 patients in Israel.

Uric acid metabolism was evaluated in 16 Israeli cystic fibrosis patients, all of whom were taking pancreatic enzyme supplements. The findings were compared with those in a recent study of uric acid metabolism in 65 healthy Israeli children. Hyperuricemia of 4.9 +/- 0.2 (SE) mg/dl was found in the cystic fibrosis patients, compared with a normal level of 3.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl ( P < 0.05). In five patients, 24-h urine collections were assayed and all showed hyperuricosuria. Thirteen patients had high urinary uric acid/creatinine ratios. Hyperuricosuria increased with the age of the patient and when the administered dosage of pancreatic enzyme exceeded 10,000 lipase units/kg body weight. Despite normal levels of serum creatinine and urea, and normal creatinine clearance in the cystic fibrosis patients, risk of future renal damage seems obvious and preventive measures should be considered.

Child↗
PubMed1977

A hydrostatic device for tissue dehydration.

A simple device for mixing water and organic solvents can be easily constructed to dehydrate tissue for electron microscopy. The device utilizes hydrostatic leveling between a reservoir and a mixing chamber to produce a continuously increasing concentration of dehydrating solvent. The rate of dehydration may be regulated by geometry and/or outflow rate. A prototype model is described which compactly incorporates the solvent reservoirs and a tissue tray that can accommodate ten tissue specimens in stainless steel mesh baskets. The device can be fabricated cheaply and replaces manual dehydration.

Desiccation↗
PubMed1976

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene as a small artery replacement. A preliminary report.

Recent laboratory and clinical investigations have demonstrated a specific configuration of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to be a superior biocompatible material for small artery replacement. Twenty such vascular grafts have been implanted in eighteen patients. Grafts were placed in the femoropopliteal or femoral posterior tibial or anterior tibial positions in fifteen patients and in the aortorenal position in three patients. The early results have been satisfying as judged by follow-up angiography and/or clinical examination. There has been no aneurysmal formation in this series of Impragrafts. No infections have been noted. We believe that Impragraft may offer a logical substitute for the inadequate or surgically absent saphenous vein autograft.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Coccidioidal pericarditis.

A 26-year-old man developed coccidioidomycosis which resulted in myocarditis associated with congestive heart failure. A pericardial effusion developed and progressed to constrictive pericarditis. A pericardiectomy was performed and revealed that the pericarditis was due to Coccidioides immitis. The patient was subsequently treated with amphotericin B and showed marked improvement.

Adult↗