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Biomedical subjects

D Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Goldberg.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Laboratory studies with a selective Enterococcus medium.

Lancefield group D streptococci are involved with appreciable frequency in a variety of infectious processes. The presumptive recognition of these bacteria on initial culturing of clinical specimens is an objective not attained readily by selective media available in the clinical laboratory. Selective Enterococcus agar was evaluated with emphasis on its ability to sequester enterococci from specimens with many microbial components. In addition, the sensitivity of this new agar was compared with Trypticase Soy agar containing sheep blood and Mitis Salivarius agar. All enterococci isolated from clinical material were classified in accordance with accepted biochemical and immunochemical criteria. The enterococci grew on the new medium as distinctive colonies surrounded by a black zone. Only Listeria monocytogenes presented similar colonial morphology after 48 hr. Most other bacteria did not grow at all or appeared markedly different. The sensitivity of the new agar was of the same order of magnitude as on blood or Mitis-Salivarius agars, but its selectivity was superior.

Agar↗
PubMed1970

A psychiatric study of patients with diseases of the small intestine.

A group of 80 patients with diseases of the small intestine were given a standardized psychiatric assessment every time they attended the outpatients' department over a period of a year. Forty-six patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea, 23 patients with Crohn's disease, and 11 patients with alactasia were interviewed on 158 occasions. During this time 27 of them (34%) were found to be psychiatrically ill, their illnesses being minor affective disorders. Psychiatric illness was not related either to generalized malabsorption or to deficiencies of specific substances such as folic acid. Although a clear relationship was demonstrated between emotional disturbances and bowel action, diarrhoea was neither sufficient nor necessary for psychiatric illness, and distress associated with diarrhoea was unusual. No single characteristic type of personality was found in any of the patients with the three diseases, but some traits were considerably more commonly associated with some of the diseases than others, and patients with psychiatric illness were shown to attend the outpatients' department more frequently than stable patients. Patients with a family history or a previous history of psychiatric illness, or with depressive traits in their previous personality, were much more likely to fall ill in the survey year. A positive family history of psychiatric illness was significantly more common in idiopathic steatorrhoea. Three patients suffered relapses in the survey year, and in all of these the relapse appeared to be related to emotional factors.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1963

IMMUNOLOGICAL AND TOXIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MOUSE-VIRULENT AND MOUSE-AVIRULENT CANDIDA ALBICANS.

Isenberg, Henry D. (Long Island Jewish Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y.), Jona Allerhand, James I. Berkman, and Dorothy Goldberg. Immunological and toxic differences between mouse-virulent and mouse-avirulent Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 86:1010-1018. 1963.-The differences between mouse-avirulent and -virulent strains of Candida albicans reside at least in part in cell surface materials which can be extracted with solvents such as ethanolethyl ether and phenol. These extracts are complex haptens which behave like endotoxins in mice and rabbits. Antibodies produced against intact and extracted cells show some strain specificity in agglutination and precipitin reactions, but underline primarily the differences between the virulent and avirulent variants. The chemical constitution of the extracted complex haptens suggests that the toxic or virulent principles are polysaccharide in nature and that the avirulent strain substitutes fats and lipids for some polysaccharides on their cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plato versus Aristotle: categorical and dimensional models for common mental disorders.

There are two quite different ways of conceptualizing common mental disorders: as categorically distributed or as dimensions. In the former case, individuals with "subthreshold" disorders may contain a small proportion of "true cases"; while in the latter, they are seen as having the same basic disorder, but in insufficient degree to warrant a diagnostic label. The categorical school postulates the phenomenon of "comorbidity" to account for those who are both depressed and anxious. The dimensional school regards them as cases of "anxious depression," and observes that the 2 dimensions are highly correlated with one another. This article considers 3 levels of severity of cases satisfying research diagnostic criteria for depression: mild, moderate, and severe. At ascending levels of initial severity, there is increasing disability, and a worse outcome at 12 months. The only positive treatment effect is that favoring antidepressants over sedatives at 3 months, and this effect is related to initial severity-being much greater for the "severe" group of depressions. Initial severity is linearly related to disability, and there is no disjunction at the usual division between "non-cases" and "cases" of depression. Clinicians are obliged to use categorical concepts, as they must decide who is sufficiently ill to justify treatment. But in our efforts to understand the relationships between social and biological variables, dimensional models are far more appropriate.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of recognized and unrecognized depression in an international primary care study.

Longitudinal data from the World Health Organization Psychological Problems in General Health Care study were used to examine the relationship between recognition and outcomes among depressed primary care patients. A representative sample of primary care patients at 15 sites completed a baseline assessment including the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ). The GHQ and BDQ were readministered after 3 months, and the GHQ, BDQ, and CIDI were readministered after 12 months. Of 948 patients with major depression at the baseline assessment, 42% were recognized by the primary care physician and given an appropriate diagnosis. Recognized patients were more severely ill (mean GHQ score 16.2 vs. 12.9, t = 5.44, p < 0.001) and more disabled (mean BDQ score 9.8 vs 8.2, t = 3.22, p < 0.001) at baseline. Recognized patients showed a significantly greater decrease in GHQ score at the 3-month assessment (6.1 vs 4.1, F = 5.33, df = 1, p = 0.02). At 12 months, recognized and unrecognized groups did not differ in either change in GHQ score or change in diagnostic status from baseline. Results were consistent across study sites. Our data suggest that recognition and appropriate diagnosis of depression in primary care is associated with significantly greater short-term improvement. The absence of a relationship between recognition and long-term outcomes may reflect limitations of this observational study. When considered along with other recent studies, these findings suggest that increasing recognition of depression in primary care is only a first step toward more appropriate treatment.

Adult↗