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Biomedical subjects

D Gendrel

Publications and source records attributed to D Gendrel.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Falsely elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) in newborn infants: transfer from mothers to infants of a factor interfering in the TSH radioimmunoassay.

In a TSH screening program for congenital hypothyroidism we detected seven newborn infants with normal plasma T4 and T3 levels but high immunoassayable TSH. Similar findings were obtained in their mothers. Serial plasma dilution curves, with and without the addition of normal rabbit serum to the samples, showed that the result of TSH assay performed with antihuman TSH rabbit antiserum was falsely elevated in mothers and infants by an interfering factor. Follow-up of the infants demonstrated that the falsely elevated plasma TSH levels returned to normal within the first 6 months of life. On the contrary, plasma TSH levels remained high in the mothers. These results suggested a placental transfer of maternal antibodies. Indeed, the analysis of the mothers anamnesis revealed that all had previously received injections of a microbial vaccine cultured on a rabbit lung-containing medium. We conclude that placental transfer of a maternal antirabbit factor may cause an artefactual hyperthyrotropinemia in the newborn and the incorrect diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism. This can be avoided by the addition of normal rabbit serum or immunoglobulin to the TSH RIA tubes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Congenital hypopituitarism associated with mid-line defects (author's transl)].

14 cases of hypopituitarism associated with mid-line defects are reported: 7 with septo-optic dysplasia, 5 with agenesis of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum without optical lesion (2 with cleft palate), 1 with familial pituitary aplasia and 1 with mediofrontal cutaneous aplasia. The most striking features in these patients are: precocious signs of pituitary deficiency, mainly hypoglycemia; micropenis and cryptorchidism in males; decrease of growth velocity 2 months to 6 years after birth. Neuroradiological investigations, evaluation of somatotropic and corticotropic secretions with glucagon test, and evaluation of thyrotropin and prolactin secretion with thyroliberin test, offer in the youngest patients the best way to precocious diagnosis and treatment.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Serum branched-chain amino acids in the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism in infancy.

Fasting values of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) were measured by column chromatography in the sera of 27 normal infants and children, 15 days to 9 years of age, 14 children with documented ketotic hypoglycemia one to 7 years of age, and in 14 sera from six infants, 15 days to 2 years of age, with documented hyperinsulinism. In normal children and those with ketotic hypoglycemia, each individual branched-chain amino acid and their sum were significantly negatively correlated with blood sugar values ranging between 11 and 92 mg/dl (P < 0.001). In infants with hyperinsulinism, branched-chain amino acid concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.001) without correlation with blood sugar values ranging between 13 and 51 mg/dl, and plasma insulin concentrations (9 to 85 microU/ML). In all the children the sum of branched-chain amino acids was positively correlated with blood beta OH butyrate concentrations measured at the same time (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). The association of low blood sugar and low branched-chain amino acid concentrations during fasting seems characteristic of hyperinsulinism, and the measurement of branched-chain amino acids in these infants offers a physiologic indicator of the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1980

Plasma gonadotropin and testosterone values in infants with cryptorchidism.

Plasma gonadotropins and testosterone levels have been studied from day 30 +/- 6 to day 120 +/- 10 in 57 term male infants born with undescended testes-bilaterally in 22 and unilaterally in 35. Clinical follow-up of these infants showed that spontaneous testicular migration occurred at 2 to 4 months in 27 of them; the 30 others remained cryptorchid at 6 months. Plasma LH and the postnatal rise in testosterone concentration were significantly lower in patients remaining cryptorchid, either unilaterally or bilaterally, than in infants with delayed spontaneous descent of one or both testes. A significant positive correlation was found betwen plasma LH and testosterone values within these two groups of subjects. Plasma FSH levels were not different in the two groups. These data suggest a primary LH deficiency in cryptorchidism, resulting in a blunted postnatal secretion of testosterone. It may be speculated that the early postnatal deficiency of the LH-Leydig cell axis in cryptorchid patients contributes to impair both testicular migration and maturation.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed1979

Longitudinal study of plasma testosterone in male pseudohermaphrodites during early infancy.

Plasma testosterone was longitudinally studied during the first months of life in 7 XY infants with male pseudohermaphroditism. In two, the physiological postnatal rise of plasma testosterone was absent or blunted. A combined adrenal and testicular enzymatic defect was demonstrated in these two boys. In 5, a normal postnatal testosterone rise demonstrated a normal Leydig cell function. The longitudinal study of the physiologic postnatal rise of testosterone may be useful to distinguish secretory defects from responsiveness abnormalities thus improving the choice of gender in male pseudohermaphrodites.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Reduced post-natal rise of testosterone in plasma of cryptorchid infants.

Plasma testosterone has been studied in 31 full-term male infants born with bilaterally undescended testes (14) or unilaterally undescended testis (17). From 10 to 89 days after birth, the post-natal testosterone rise was significantly lower in the 18 infants who remained cryptorchid at 4 months than in the 13 who underwent spontaneous testicular descensus and in the normal controls. Blunted post-natal Leydig cell secretion in cryptorchids may relate to a primary LH defect and could contribute to the impairment of both testicular descensus and maturation.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed1978

[Endocrine data in cryptorchism].

Endocrine evaluation with LH-RH (0.1 mg/m2) and chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG 3 X 1,500 I.U.) in 154 cryptorchid boys aged 1 month to 15 years showed a decrease of LH pituitary secretion and Leydig-cells response to HCG in prepubertal and early pubertal patients. These deficiencies were positively correlated. Partial and at least transient descent of cryptorchid testis or testes has been obtained in 87 of 265 patients treated with HCG (3 to 9 X 1,500 I.U.). Plasma testosterone after HCG 3 X 1,500 I.U. was less increased in patients whose cryptorchid testis or testes descended after 9 X 1,500 I.U. than in those whose testes remained undescended. These data suggest that a partial, early and transient deficiency of pituitary LH secretion may be responsible for testicular maldescent in part of cryptorchid boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Inappropriate secretion of ADH during acute respiratory infections due to adenovirus in children (author's transl)].

Four children aged between 7 and 19 months with severe bronchopneumonia due to adenovirus type 7, proved by virology and/or serology developed severe hyponatraemia. One of them is reported in detail: it was possible to estimate plasma ADH levels and thereby prove the existence of reversible hypersecretion of the hormone. Whilst the syndrome of hyponatraemia with inappropriate secretion of ADH has not yet been reported in association with severe pneumonia in the child, it is known in adults. The limits of the syndrome and its physiopathology are discussed. It may be due either to vagal stimulation as a result of a fall in left aressure, or to central involvement. Therapeutic implications of the problem are emphasized.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary LH and FSH and testosterone secretion in infants with undescended testes.

Twelve male infants with undescended testes (5 bilaterally, 7 unilaterally) were studied between the ages of 1 week and 11 months. As in older pre-pubertal cryptorchid boys, a significant decrease of the LH response to LH-RH test was found, while basal plasma levels of gonadotrophins and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. Plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range, and Leydig cells responded to stimulation by HCG, the degree of this response being significantly and positively correlated to the LH peak elicited by LH-RH. It may be concluded that some early defect of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis is associated with undescended testis.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1977

Correlation of pituitary and testicular responses to stimulation tests in cryptorchid children.

LH-RH test and HCG stimulation test were performed in 154 cryptorchid boys aged 1 month to 15 years (64 unilateral and 90 bilateral). Basal plasma LH levels and LH response to LH-RH were significantly lower from infancy to early puberty in cryptorchids compared with controls. Basal FSH levels and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. The post-HCG rise of plasma testosterone was reduced until mid-puberty. A significant positive correlation was found between post-HCG testosterone levels and pre- and post-LH-RH levels of LH. This correlation suggests that testicular maldescent and the decreased ability of Leydig cells to respond to a short course of HCG may result from an early defect or a delay of pituitary LH secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Sensitization to penicillin following cutaneous side-effects of ampicillin].

Sensitization to penicillin was determined in vitro in twenty subjects, 30 days after cutaneous side-effects due to ampicillin. The study inclued the detection of anti-penicillin IgE, IgM, a lymphoblastic transformation test and a leucocyte migration test. No difference could be demonstrated between the sensitization 30 days after an ampicillin reaction and the sensitization 30 days after a penicillin reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Value of lymphoblast transformation test in cow's milk protein intestinal intolerance.

Lymphoblast transformation tests were carried out in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. In patients with cow's milk protein intestinal intolerance in seventeen of forty-five (37.8%) the lymphoblast transformation tests were positive. Sensitization in the first month of life seemed to favour lymphoblast transformation. In control children in only four of forty-three (9.5%) the lymphoblast transformation tests were positive, the difference from intolerant patients being significant 0.01 less than P less than 0.001. Lymphoblast transformation tests were negative in the seven children with active coeliac disease. Although a negative test does not exclude cow's milk protein intolerance, lymphoblast transformation tests can be considered a useful aid in diagnosis because of its specificity.

Allergens↗