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D Gaillard

Publications and source records attributed to D Gaillard.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Gastroschisis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

Phagocytic activity of the rat reticuloendothelial system and the pharmacokinetics of an anticholinesterasic insecticide: carbaryl.

1. The pharmacokinetics of [14C]carbaryl administered intravenously and orally were studied in male rats whose reticuloendothelial system (RES) was inhibited by colloidal carbon or activated by glyceryl trioleate. 2. A time course for [14C]carbaryl blood concn. was fitted to a two-compartment open model following single intravenous administration. A single exponential decay was noted following intragastric administration. 3. The constant blood elimination of [14C]carbaryl decreased significantly in animals with the RES inhibited and increased in those whose RES was activated compared to control animals. 4. There was an increase in carbaryl concn. in the tissue compartment in animals with the RES activated, but no change in animals with the RES inhibited. 5. The equivalent [14C]carbaryl concn. of liver and lungs were decreased or increased in animals with the RES inhibited or activated respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Value of the histoenzymologic characterization of esterases in normal and pathologic rectal mucosa in children. Preliminary results of 30 cases].

The presence of cholinergic nerve fibers is studied in 30 suction rectal biopsy specimens from 5 days to 7 years old children. An increase in numbers and size of cholinergic fibers in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae and absence of submucosa ganglion cells are related to 7 Hirschsprung's diseases. In the neonates acetylcholinesterase activity may not be strong enough to stain cholinergic fibers and makes the diagnosis more difficult.

Child↗
PubMed1980

[Gastroschisis and omphalocele in the same family (author's transl)].

Occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in the same sibship reported for the first time. After a first case of gastroschisis, it is advisable to measure the alpha-fetoprotein level in the maternal serum and to perform diagnostic ultrasonography in the next pregnancy in order to make a prenatal diagnosis. The authors suggest the existence of a similar anomaly of the umbilical ring.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

[Distribution of fibronectin in normal human tissue].

Distribution of fibronectin (FN), a major glycoproteic component of extracellular matrix was studied by an indirect immuno-fluorescence technique using a rabbit anti-FN serum on frozen sections of fresh human tissues. In the extracellular matrix, FN is localized in epithelial and glandular basement membranes (bronchial, digestive, urothelial, prostatic, thyroid and mammary glands). FN is also visualized in vascular basement membranes and pulmonary alveolar basal laminae. In lymphoid tissues. In the liver and adrenal cortex, FN has the same distribution as reticulin fibers. In the kidney, glomerular mesangium in labeled. There are also pericellular labelings on fibroblastic and muscular cell surfaces. Epithelial cells of the mammary gland show a pericellular positive staining. FN is principally involved in cell orientation and in cell extra-cellular matrix interactions.

Fibronectins↗
PubMed1979

Effect of blockade of the reticuloendothelial system on the carbaryl toxicity in the rat.

The time dependence of the level of blood cholinesterase was determined in rats with the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) inhibited with colloidal carbon and in control rats after i.v. administration of 2 does of carbaryl: 0.75 mg and 1.50 mg/100 g body wt. Pretreatment with colloidal carbon had no effect on the blood cholinesterase activity when compared with the controls. Carbaryl rapidly inhibits cholinesterase; the time of "reactivation" of this enzyme increases with the administered dose. However, when the RES is inhibited with colloidal carbon, "reactivation" of cholinesterase is significantly slowed down, to a varying degree, depending on the dose of carbaryl. Our results bring to light a relationship between the inhibition of the RES and the toxicity of carbaryl, inhibition increasing the anticholinesterase effect of the insecticide.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of blockade or stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system on the blood clearance kinetics of the anticholinesterase insecticide carbaryl in the rat].

The blood clearances of 14C-carbaryl and colloïdal carbon were studied in Rats with reticuloendothelial system (RES) inhibited or activated, and in control Rats. A correlation was established between the blood clearance kinetics of carbon particles and carbaryl; such data support the concept of the contribution of the RES in the disappearance of carbaryl from the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in the rat after administration of an anticholinesterasic pesticide, carbaryl (author's transl)].

The effects of 4 carbaryl doses (0.375, 0.75, 1.50 and 3 mg/100 g) on the reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic activity were studied 1 h after their administration to male rats. Carbaryl reduced RES phagocytic activity. Results showed a dose-dependent drop in RES phagocytic activity. Carbaryl might act as an inhibitor of phagocytes by saturing them to greater or lesser degree, depending on the dose administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Relationship between the phagocytic inhibition of the rat reticuloendothelial system and the anticholinesterasic effect of an insecticide, Carbaryl (author's transl)].

Phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and blood cholinesterase activity were determined in male rats after veinous administrations of carbaryl and 1-naphthol, a carbaryl metabolite. The various parameters were measured 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after administration of the following four doses per 100 g body weight : 1.875, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mumol. 1. Results showed an inhibition of the RES phagocytic activity (clearance of colloidal carbon) after carbaryl administration; although 1.875 mumol/100 g had no effect, the other doses inhibited RES activity, blockade time being a function of the dose given. The phagocytic function had returned to normal 72 hr after carbaryl administration. 2. Reductions in spleen weight and protein content were observed together with the RES blockade. 3. At all four doses, the anticholinesterase effect was already apparent one hour after carbaryl administration. 4. 1-naphthol, one of carbaryl's chief metabolites, had no effect either on the RES or on the different parameters studied. These results show a relationship between the phagocytic inhibition of the reticuloendothelial system and the anticholinesterasic effect by carbaryl. They suggest an inhibition of some esterases of macrophages interfering with the phagocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of morestan and other substituted quinoxalines on the activities of various rat hepatic mixed-function oxidases.

Morestan (6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic-S,S carbonate) and two of its metabolites: methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol and 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedihydroxy were administered to male and female rats by intraperitoneal route for 4 consecutive days (50 mg/kg/daily). Morestan was also administered by esophageal intubation for 4 days at the dose of 75 mg/kg/daily. After evaluating the pentobarbital sleeping time in the animals on the 5th day, aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and aromatic aniline hyroxylase activities and levels of cytochrome P450, proteins and RNA were measured in the microsomal hepatic fraction. Protein and nucleic acid levels were also measured in whole liver. The 3 substances studied caused considerable decreases in activity of certain microsomal enzymes: morestan inhibits some hepatic mixed-function oxidase systems; in females it is more active by peroral administration, and in males by intraperitoneal route. However, 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol is an even more powerful inhibitor of monooxygenase activities both in males and females. 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedihydroxy also decreases activity by microsomal enzymes, but its action is inferior to that of the other two products investigated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Dietary effects on inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by a pesticide (Morestan).

Female rats were fed for 21 days on 5 semi-synthetic diets containing 8 or 30% proteins, 1 or 25% lipids respectively, the control animals being given a diet containing 20% proteins and 5% lipids. The animals on each diet were then subdivided into two subgroups and on the 22nd, 23rd, 24th and 25th days were given an oral dose of 75 mg/kg of Morestan in solution in peanut oil (PO) or a dose of oil only. The microsomes were prepared 24 h after the last administration and aniline aromatic hydroxylase, aminopyrine and N-methylaniline N-demethylase activities and cytochrome P-450, protein and RNA levels were measured. Whatever the diet, Morestan inhibited N-demethylase activities and decreased the cytochrome P-450 level; liver protein and RNA levels and microsomal RNA level increased. The 25% lipid diet alone increased activity of the three enzymes studied, without modifying the cytochrome P-450 level; Morestan produced antagonism of this effect in the rats on this diet. The decreased cytochrome P-450 level caused by Morestan was higher in animals on the 8% protein diet.

Animals↗