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Biomedical subjects

D Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to D Fischer.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Influence of ketamine anaesthesia on renal and cardiovascular functions in mongrel dogs.

Cardiac minute volume, renal blood flow, pulse volume, heart rate and urinary output were determined by means of experiments made on 10 mongrel dogs. Anaesthesia was maintained by nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture administered with Ketamine. Under the conditions described it was observed that -- contrary to what is found in human patients -- cardiac and renal minute volume as well as pulse volume are significantly decreased. No significant changes has been observed in the heart rate. Whilst urinary output was decreased, the excretion of individual electrolytes was found to be different.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1979

[Pleural adhesions and deformation of the chest wall (author's transl)].

Deformation of the chest wall and pleural adhesions are some of the sequelae of chest trauma with fractures of ribs. If sufficiently extensive these lesions may result in restrictive disturbances of ventilation and partial respiratory insufficiency. In these cases marked improvement in function and perfusion can be obtained by decortication at an early stage. Follow-up examinations of 37 patients who had sustained fractures of more than 4 ribs revealed restrictive respiratory impairment in only three cases. Hypoxia was present in 11, but a causal connection with the trauma could be ascertained in only 4 persons. For assessing the extent of the lesions and the indications for decortication perfusion scanning is a "must", as it will show up pathological changes at a time when the gaseous exchange and lung function still appear normal. There seems to be no correlation between the radiological extent of the adhesions or the deformation of the thorax and the extent of changes in lung function and blood gases.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1978

[The change of the weight of the pineal gland by formalin-fixation (author's transl)].

The weights of 94 human pineal glands were submitted a 3-day-fixation in 10 per cent neutralized formalin, resulting in a loss in weight in one half of the pineal glands and in an increase in weight in the other. After fixation of 4 weeks the difference between actual and initial weight had diminished, only 10.6 per cent of the pineal glands showed a difference larger than +/- 10 per cent. Therefore, the weights of formalin-fixated pineal glands may be used in statistical comparisons. The question why the weights change differently cannot be answered by us.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Phosphohexosyl recognition is a general characteristic of pinocytosis of lysosomal glycosidases by human fibroblasts.

We recently presented data showing that mannose-6-phosphate was a potent competitive inhibitor of pinocytosis of human platelet beta-glucuronidase, and that treatment of "high-uptake" forms of the enzyme with alkaline phosphatase destroyed the high-uptake property of the enzyme without diminishing its catalytic activity. These data indicate that phosphate is a necessary component of the recognition marker on the enzyme for pinocytosis by human fibroblasts, and suggest that the phosphate on high-uptake forms of the enzyme is present as a phosphohexosyl moiety. Results presented here show that mannose-6-phosphate is also a potent inhibitor of pinocytosis of the following enzyme preparations: (a) beta-glucuronidase from human spleen, liver, placenta, and urine; (b) beta-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase from human platelets; (c) beta-hexosaminidase from human fibroblast secretions. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of all these enzymes except beta-galactosidase, which was unstable to the incubation conditions and could not be tested, greatly diminished the uptake activity of the enzymes without diminishing their catalytic activity. These results suggest that phosphohexosyl recognition is a general characteristic of pinocytosis of lysosomal glycosidases.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Serial scintigraphy during isolated renal perfusion.

A quantitative standard of radioactive impulse activity can be determined as an indicator of renal functional ability during renal transplantation and after perfusion by simple methods. Hippuran excretion is nearly absent at temperature below 8 degrees C but is still measurable and rises with every degree above 4 degrees C. If there is no evidence of Hippuran excretion at 8 degrees C, this will indicate a degree of renal damage. The examination for non-pulsatile, stored kidneys similar to the method employed by Collins appears perfectly satisfactory to us. The radioactive substances do not necessarily damage the organ because the kidneys are washed out rapidly. Similar radioactive materials can be used in pre-operative preservation and during the postoperative periods as a means of control and diagnosis without additional personnel or expenditure. In the past, false values have been obtained, owing to spasm when albumin base solutions have been used. When spasm is noted, repeated measurements should be done to determine if the spasm is true, or the result of organ damage. The basic correlation between organ weight, organ blood flow and scintigraphic impulse rates will give an initial estimate of organ activity, even when the condition of the donor kidney is unknown. Follow-up sequential scintigrams provide information regarding the suitability of the organ for transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A role for adenosine deaminase in human monocyte maturation.

The occurrence of a deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in some patients with severe combined immunodeficiency suggests a possible relationship between the activity of ADA and the aberration of the immune system. To help delineate the function of ADA in the immune response we have examined its role in monocyte maturation. When incubated in vitro, peripheral blood monocytes transformed, within 3 days, to macrophagea as assessed by phase-contrast microscopy and an increase in the specific activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase. The specific activity of ADA increased as much as ninefold, reaching a peak after the 1st day in culture, while the activities of other enzymes involved in the purine salvage pathway were not altered. Sucrose density ultracentrifugation of extracts prepared immediately after the isolation of monocytes revealed the presence of two forms of ADA with molecular weights of approximately 30,000 and 110,000. The increase in ADA specific activity during monocyte cultivation correlated with an increase in the activity of the smaller molecular species. A specific inhibitor ADA, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, prevented the increase in acid phosphatase activity, as well as the morphological changes associated with the monocyte maturation. These data suggest a role for ADA in monocyte to macrophage maturation. In view of the central role of macrophages in immune function, this observation may relate to the association of combined immunodeficiency and a deficiency of this enzyme.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[EEG after so-called whiplash injury of cervical vertebral column (cervicocephalic acceleration trauma)].

The results of electroencephalographic examinations made on four groups of patients are compared. These groups include 80 patients with cervicocephalic syndromes due to flinging injuries to the cervical vertebral column, 80 patients with postconcussive syndromes, and 39 patients whose anamneses suggested conditions resulting from the two kinds of injury referred to above. A fourth group of 40 patients with nontraumatic spondylosis deformans cervicalis is compared with the first three groups of patients. The rate (49 percent, 52 percent, and 54 percent), kind, and distribution of electroencephalographically determined abnormalities are in agreement with those obtained for the first three groups. For patients with nontraumatic cervicocephalic syndromes the rate of general alterations determined from records obtained by means of the electroencephalograph is equal to the occurrence of constitutional EEG variants, the rate being of the order of 10 percent. EEG alterations observed in the case of flinging traumata are considered to de due to acceleration injuries to the cranial contents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

[Scintigraphic functional analysis with the gamma camera during renal perfusion (author's transl)].

The controlled progress of transplanted kidneys has already been useful. We have succeeded in finding a simple method to study the function of the renal parenchyma and the collecting system. This method was also applied to determine a flow volume relation during perfusion in comparison to impulse rates. In contrast the conventional parameters, which only describe a partial function of the organ, this simple method will deliver comprehensive information before transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Renal and circulatory function under ketamine anesthesia. An experimental study on animals (author's transl)].

Cardiac output, glomerular filtration rate, stroke volume, heart rate, and urinary output were determined in 10 mongrel dogs. Under the conditions of the experiment it was observed that in contrast to man cardiac and renal output as well as stroke volume declined significantly. Heart rate showed no significant change. With diminished urinary output a differential excretion of individual electrolytes was noted. To carry the results of these experiments over to humans is, in the author's view, not warranted unreservedly.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1975

Experiences with intraluminal occlusion with the Fogarty catheter in the treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas and other lesions at the base of the skull.

Indications for the occlusion of the extradural portions of the carotid and vertebral arteries with the Fogarty catheter are demonstrated in 5 cases of traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas, in 1 case of an extradural carotid aneurysm originating from the anterior portion of the carotid siphon, in 1 case of traumatic carotid-jugular vein fistula and vertebral artery aneurysm with a-v shunt at the level of the atlas, and in 2 cases of large tumours of the base of the skull extending into the cavernous sinus. The limitation of the method is shown in one case where the catheter could not be passed through a "high" kink of the carotid artery. "Low" kinking, at the typical site above the bifurcation, can be overcome by mobilization and stretching of the vessel while introducing the catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Diagnosis of neurologic disorders of micturition without evidence of the pathological process by measuring conduction velocity of sacral roots.

In cases of neurogenic bladder disturbances-especially if the pathological process cannot be clinically approved-useful information could be obtained by measuring conduction velocity between sacral roots and striated pelvic floor muscles. Measurements have been performed to determine normal conduction time. Technique and results are presented.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental studies in animals on the bladder function following sacral blockade with alkohol (author's transl)].

Caudal anesthesia was achieved with Xylocain-R in 13 dogs and with ethanol (99,2 percent) in 8 dogs. Urinary bladder function was studied before and after block. The results obtained are in agreement with the functional changes after rhizotomy of S1--S3: bladder capacity increases after cuadal block and pressures measured at equal volumes decrease. Urinary overflow was observed; 80 percent of the filling volume, however, remains within the bladder. An autonomous bladder contraction induced by smypathetic nerve activity could not be proven within our observation period of 7 days.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗