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Biomedical subjects

D F Scott

Publications and source records attributed to D F Scott.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.

Our experience of CAPD in 21 patients over a total period of 118 patients months has been evaluated and compared with intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). CAPD was associated with greater clearance of urea creatinine and phosphate, higher concentrations of haemoglobin, improved control of hypertension and saline overload, and better patient acceptance than IPD. It is concluded that CAPD is an effective form of dialysis with many advantages over IPD, although the incidence of peritonitis is still twice that IPD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of smoking on the late patency of arterial reconstructions in the legs.

In a retrospective study of 217 patients, smoking habits were related to the late patency rates of arterial reconstructions performed for ischaemia of the legs. Patients who had stopped smoking or who smoked no more than 5 cigarettes per day after the operation had late patency rates of approximately 90 per cent for aortofemoral reconstructions and 80 per cent for femoropopliteal vein grafts. Patients who continued to smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day were approximately three times more likely to block an aortofemoral reconstruction and four times more likely to block a femoropopliteal vein graft. The results were similar for males and females, for various age groups, for claudicants and patients with severe ischaemia and for aortofemoral endarterectomy and Dacron grafts. The late patency rate was approximately inversely proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked per day after the operation. There was no such correlation with the number smoked per day before the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Surgical treatment of the severely ischaemic leg: I. Survival rates.

Over a 10-year period, 411 patients with atherosclerotic major artery disease causing severe ischaemia of the legs were treated by surgery. Their survival rate, assessed by the life table method, was 80 per cent at 1 year and 50 per cent at 5 years. Early and late survival rates were significantly worse in elderly patients, and in patients with extensive gangrene. Late survival rates were significantly worse in diabetics, and in patients with clinical myocardial ischaemia. Patients treated by arterial reconstruction showed a better survival rate than those treated by sympathectomy or amputation, though the latter groups contained more poor risk patients. Survival rates were not influenced by the technique of reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Conductivity of drugs used for iontophoresis.

The electrical conductivities of drugs were measured in vitro using a conductivity MHO-meter. These experiments indicate that local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, some corticosteroids, several anticancer drugs, and several antiviral agents are suitable for iontophoresis. The contribution to conductivity of buffers and nonspecific ions in the same solution with the drug also was defined.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of recovery from short anaesthesia using the cerebral function monitor.

In 18 females undergoing minor gynaecological surgery, recovery from anaesthesia, which included methohexitone, has been assessed using: clinical examination, six different psychomotor tasks and, in six patients, e.e.g. The cerebral function monitor (CFM) was used also to determine its value in such patients. Clinical signs and the results of performance tests returned to the pre-anaesthetic values 2 h following anaesthesia, but CFM tracings were still significantly different at 8 h (P less than 0.05). Similar changes in e.e.g. were significant only in the first 2 h; this may be a result of the visual analysis of the traces. The results suggest that CFM is a sensitive indicator of persistent effects of anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pathological stimulus-related slow wave arousal responses in the EEG.

A group of 55 patients were studied who showed in their EEGs prolonged episodes of delta activity, in response to either auditory or tactile stimuli or both. This unusual pattern occurred with states ranging from drowsiness to deep coma but never in alert patients. It was found in a variety of conditions, most commonly following head injury. The EEG phenomenon disappeared within 5 weeks and over half of the patients had a favourable outcome.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Aminoglycoside modification by gentamicin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Three clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, which were previously shown to contain a 50S plasmid conferring resistance to several aminoglycosides, were examined for modifying enzymes. Both the wild-type and heat-cured derivatives of the isolates were screened for acetyl-, adenylyl-, and phosphotransferase activities. The substrates were gentamicin, amikacin, and netilmicin; the results indicated that even though all three activites were present, the phosphotransferase reaction was most responsible for resistance to these antibiotics. The absence of any of the modifying activites in cured derivatives of the three isolates supports the conclusion that aminoglycoside resistance in these strains is conferred by a plasmid.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1978

Effect of anticonvulsants on plasma testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels.

Plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone levels were measured in 29 patients with epilepsy (16 men and 13 women), most of them on chronic therapy with anticonvulsant drugs. Sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were increased in both sexes and testosterone levels in male patients. It is postulated that anticonvulsants may induce hepatic synthesis of SHBG.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1978

Acupuncture analgesia for chronic low back pain.

Preliminary findings are presented of a double-blind, crossover trial comparing the effects of traditional with placebo acupuncture in relieving chronic low back pain. 77 patients completed the study. Following initial assessment and baseline readings, patients had a 4-week course of active or placebo treatment given twice weekly. After a 4 week rest period patients received the alternate treatment, using the same time schedule. A 4 week follow-up period completed the trial. Using visual analogue scale readings as a measure of pain there was no cumulative difference in pain reduction achieved by traditional as compared with placebo acupuncture treatment. Both groups achieved a 55% overall reduction in pain level at the end of the trial, compared with initial baseline readings.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Preservation of cadaver of renal allografts: comparison of ice storage and machine perfusion.

Preservation of cadaveric renal allografts by ice storage and by machine perfusion after a preliminary flush with a hypertonic citrate solution has been compared in a prospective clinical trial between matched pairs of kidneys from the same cadaver donor. Over a two-year period, ice storage after flushing with the new solution gave results comparable with machine perfusion. Times of warm ischaemia and total times of storage were similar in ice-stored and machine-perfused kidneys and averaged about 16 hours. In each group of recipients, more than half of the kidneys had good early function and one-year survival times were also similar.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1977

Reversible profound depression of cerebral electrical activity in hyperthermia.

Transient major reduction of EEG activity in an hyperpyrexic patient (rectal temperature 42.5 degrees C) and transient isoelectric ECoG during accidental hyperthermia (rectal temperature 41.8 degrees C) in a Rhesus monkey are reported. Since recovery of electrocortical activity occurred in both instance this implies that in hyperthermia, as well as in hypothermia, an isoelectric EEG may not indicate irreversible brain damage.

Adult↗