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Biomedical subjects

D F Scott

Publications and source records attributed to D F Scott.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): an established treatment for endstage renal failure.

This paper is a study of 117 patients with endstage renal failure, treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over periods of 1-56 months. The study has shown CAPD to be an effective form of dialysis with a number of advantages over intermittent peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (better control of salt and water status, hypertension and anemia, steady state biochemistry and greater ease of self-dialysis). Peritoneal clearance and ultrafiltration have remained adequate in all but a few patients. Hypoproteinemia, poor nutrition, obesity and abdominal herniae have been problems in a small percentage of patients. Hyperlipidemia has developed in half the patients but improved with diet. Peritonitis remains the major barrier to the more widespread use of CAPD, although its incidence can be considerably reduced by use of better connectors, bacterial filters and choice of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome, using polyethylene infection chambers in rabbits.

Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) were compared with non-TSS strains of S. aureus with respect to their virulence in rabbits. When the organisms were injected into subcutaneous chambers (perforated polyethylene golf balls) to assess virulence, a rapid mortality was observed with TSS but not with non-TSS strains. Of 16 TSS strains, 11 caused lethal infections in 33 rabbits tested, and none of the 5 control strains caused mortality in 10 rabbits. This evidence of enhanced virulence associated with TSS strains did not appear to be associated with the size of the inoculum. In addition, strains which produced lethal infections appeared to do so despite a reduction in the size of the original inoculum during the first 24 h. All of the TSS strains and none of the non-TSS strains elaborated extracellular protein(s) with a neutral pI when grown in a dialyzed beef heart medium. No other physiological difference was noted between the TSS and non-TSS strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Separation of ornithine and lysine activities of the ornithine-transcarbamylase-catalyzed reaction.

Several lines of evidence are presented that an entity is present in mitochondria which converts lysine and carbamylphosphate to homocitrulline, distinct from the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC): lack of inhibition by lysine of OTC with ornithine as substrate at the pH of the mitochondrial matrix, a Km for lysine of 6.3 mmol/l in the crude mitochondrial extract, versus a Km of 55.3 mmol/l after partial purification of OTC, decrease of the specific activity of OTC with lysine as substrate and increase of the specific activity with ornithine as substrate after heat denaturation, and separation of the activities for ornithine and lysine after isoelectric focusing. This would explain the excretion of homocritrulline in the HHH-syndrome, saccharopinuria, citrullinemia and hyperlysinemia. The fact that homocitrulline excretion is not observed in OTC deficiency suggests that the activity responsible for homocitrulline excretion is closely related to OTC.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Kidney perfusion and preservation.

Kidney preservation, often for periods in excess of 24 hours, is currently required to allow tissue matching and preparation of the recipient before cadaveric renal transplantation. Both flushing with complex electrolyte solutions and storage in ice saline slush, and hypothermic perfusion are satisfactory techniques. In half of the recipients, despite agonal damage in the donor and the progressive metabolic disturbance during hypothermic storage, the kidneys function immediately after transplantation. In the remaining half, kidneys function after a period of one to three weeks of acute tubular necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Aorto-iliac reconstructions for intermittent claudication.

Over a 12-year period, 290 aortofemoral reconstructions were performed for intermittent claudication involving 449 legs in 262 patients. The accumulative patency rate in surviving patients was 79 per cent at 5 years. The patency rate was significantly better in patients who stopped smoking after operation, and in men compared with women. Dacron grafts were significantly more successful than endarterectomy in men. If there was no associated superficial femoral artery occlusion, endarterectomy and Dacron bypass grafts were equally successful, but Dacron bypass grafts were significantly superior to endarterectomy if the superficial femoral artery was severely stenosed or occluded. The success rates for improving the patients' intermittent claudication were 90 per cent at 3 months and 72 per cent at 3 years. The success rate at 3 years was 80 per cent if the superficial femoral artery was patent but only 62 per cent if the superficial femoral artery was severely stenosed or occluded. Mortality and morbidity rates fell markedly in the last 6 years of the study.

Aorta↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of outcome in neonates using EEG.

To determine the value of EEG in predicting prognosis, the recordings of 30 neonates were re-examined using a specially devised method of visual rating which permitted quantitative assessment of 13 EEG items. Seven clinical variables were also coded. The data were submitted to computer discriminant function analysis, to determine whether the outcome could be predicted and which EEG variables contributed most effectively. Marked asymmetries, many slow transients, and a wide range of variability of suppression durations were the main indicators. The state of consciousness during the recording and the gestational age were the clinical variables which were useful. It was possible to predict outcome using this technique in 28 of the 30 patients. The same procedure was applied to serial recordings with equal value. The combination of visual ratings carried out, without reference to clinical information and requiring no subjective statement as to normality or abnormality of the features in the recording, seems to offer a contribution in the difficult field of neonatal EEG.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1982

Psychiatric symptom patterns of chronic epileptics attending a neurological clinic: a controlled investigation.

The psychiatric morbidity of chronic epileptic out-patients unknown to psychiatric agencies was assessed using two questionnaire measures of psychopathology (GHQ and CCEI). Nearly half of the epileptics were classified as probable psychiatric cases. Psychiatric morbidity was both more prevalent and more severe in this group than in a comparison group of chronic neurological out-patients. Depression, anxiety and hysterical symptomatology were the commonest characteristics of psychiatrically impaired epileptics. The type and severity of epilepsy were found to influence both the degree and pattern of psychiatric morbidity. Contrary to previous findings, age of onset had no relation to psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bombs for kicks.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accidents↗
PubMed1981

Epileptic dizziness.

Clinical and electroencephalographic features and the response to treatment of 30 patients with episodic dizziness due to epilepsy were noted. The symptom consisted of a brief episode of disequilibrium, often with a sensation of rotation, without evident precipitating factors or sequelae. A history of "absences" or other features suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy was elicited in over half the patients, and seven (almost a quarter) had had one or more generalized seizures before presentation. Electroencephalography showed a posterior temporal lobe focus in all but two patients, and there was a family history of epilepsy in six. Response to treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine was good in most patients. Epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of episodic dizziness or vertigo, especially in young people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of two types of visual evoked potentials: pattern reversal and eye movement (lambda).

The averaged visual evoked potentials of 10 normal subjects were studied either with eyes fixated while a chequerboard reversed or when they moved their eyes across the stationary chequerboard. The resulting occipital potentials averaged using a computer of averaged transients were discrepant for the 2 conditions. The latency of the P100 component was similar allowing for the difference in latency in the computer triggering system but the resulting wave forms were different. There was a prominent negative component preceding the P100 in the lambda response and a prominent negative component following the P100 for the pattern shift. The possible reasons for the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lorazepam: its effect on the EEG paroxysmal activity in patients with epilepsy.

Benzodiazepines given intravenously abort status epilepticus, and abolish paroxysmal EEG discharges. The study reported concerns the effect of small doses (about 1 mg) of lorazepam on these EEG changes, assessed visually, in the resting record, as well as during overbreathing and photic stimulation. Thirty patients were examined, approximately half had primary generalised and the remainder focal epilepsy. All showed rapid reduction of paroxysms in the first few minutes following injection. This occurred faster and was much more persistent for the generalised than for the focal group. The effect of chronic oral administration of lorazepam in these patients is under investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effects on the EEG of intermittent photic stimulation in patients over 30 years of age.

Fifty-two patients over 30 years of age with EEG abnormality during IPS are described. In many, the disturbance was of "intermediate" type, that is limited in distribution and of lower voltage than the typical photo-convulsive response. Although over half the patients had epilepsy, this was often mild, complicating a variety of other conditions. The presence of these responses to IPS probably indicates a lowered seizure threshold.

Adult↗