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Biomedical subjects

D F Austin

Publications and source records attributed to D F Austin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Increase in cancer of the corpus uteri in the San Francisco-Oakland standard metropolitan statistical area, 1960--75.

A significant rise in the incidence of carcinoma of the corpus uteri in women of the San Francisco-Oakland standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA) was reported by the Resource for Cancer Epidemiology. The incidence among white females increased by over 50% in the 6 years between 1969 and 1975. The increase was limited to the groups over 50 years old and to invasive cancers of the endometrial lining. The increase occurred in all five of the SMSA counties and, in white women in Aalmeda County, the average annual incidence for the 50- to 74-year age group tripled in 15 years. The rise was greatest in the areas of most affluence. Possible spurious causes of increase, such as changing diagnostic criteria, better case finding, or better reporting were examined and ruled out. The data suggested that the increase was due to the recent introduction of a potent endometrial carcinogen to the population group affected.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cancer incidence trends in white women of the San Francisco Bay Area.

The 10% increase in the incidence of all cancer observed in the total white population of the San Francisco Bay Area during 1970-75 is mostly due to the 19% increase in cancer among white females. The latter is largely a result of increased incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri, breast, and lung, and of malignant melanoma. Cancer of these four sites constitutes 85% of the increase in white women. The rise in uterine corpus cancer is limited to women over 50 years of age. An incidence peak in 1974 of breast cancer was followed by a substantial decrease in 1975. The 50% rise in female lung cancer is an extension of the increase that began in 1965. The almost 70% increase in melanoma among women since 1975 accompanies a comparable increase in melanoma among males after a decade of stable incidence rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The off--centered TORP.

Refinement of the techniques of ossicular reconstruction has provided satisfactory hearing results for a majority of patients with chronic ear disease. As documented in 1976, 16% of patients, those requiring a columneller type of ossiculoplasty because of absence of the malleus, did not realize the same degree of hearing improvement as with other types of reconstruction. These procedures, short and long "L-shaped" assemblies, used for patients without a malleus, resulted in a mean 27 dB bone-air gap postoperatively. The conclusion reached after comparison with the results obtained with other types of reconstruction was "... the L-shaped conductive system is less efficient than normal by the amount observed (27 dB). If these results are to be improved, a change in the method of reconstruction resulting in a more normal system may be required." Following duplication of the aforecited report a change in the method of reconstruction used for patients with the malleus absent was instituted, but perversely creating a less normal conductive system. This paper will present the one year results of those patients in which a Plastipore prosthesis has been used as a replacement of the previously described method and will compare these results with those of the past technique.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1978

Prostatic cancer: mortality and incidence rates by race and social class.

Among the most striking epidemiologic characteristics of prostatic cancer in the United States is the sizeable excess in rates for the disease among blacks as compared with whites. This study attempted to determine whether the higher black rates might be explained by controlling for social class, using mortality data from Alameda County for the pericensal period 1968--1972 (n = 400), and the population-based series of cases for Alameda County included in the Third National Cancer Survey, 1969--1971 (n = 750). Reviewed first are previous studies addressed to the relationship of prostatic cancer and socioeconomic status (SES), most of which have been confined to whites. In the present study, each death or case was assigned to a socioeconomic class based on census tract of residence and rates by race and social class determined. Comparison of age-specific mortality and incidence rates by SES reveals no gradient for prostatic cancer in either whites or blacks.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1977

Cancer epidemiology in the San Francisco Bay Area.

The Third National Cancer Survey of 1969--71 included the five counties of the San Francisco--Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The complete cancer reporting for this area, begun by the Third National Cancer Survey, was continued by the California Tumor Registry as part of the San Francisco Bay Area Resource for Cancer Epidemiology. The population-based cancer-reporting system provided an excellent data base for epidemiologic studies, a number of which (planned or in progress) were described briefly. Those in progress include: cancer of the ovary, corpus uteri, and breast as related to child bearing, fertility, exogenous hormones, etc.; the relationship of diet to breast cancer occurrence among Japanese; diet and colorectal cancer among blacks; and the relationship of cervical cancer to cytology in Alameda County. Other study proposals are under consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Increasing incidence of endometrial cancer in the United States.

Data from eight areas in the United States served by population-based cancer reporting systems indicate that, after many years of relative stability, incidence rates of endometrial cancer have risen sharply in the 1970's. In some areas the amount of the increase has exceeded 10 per cent per year. The incidence among middle-aged women has changed most (by 40 to 150 per cent between 1969 and 1973, depending on the area), but rates have increased in younger women and the elderly as well.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

The retraction pocket in the treatment of cholesteatoma.

Residual and especially recurrent disease was observed in 124 consecutive patients who had operations for cholesteatomas, with the finding of continuing problems in at least 23% of these patients. Surgical therapy based on the goals of extirpation of the "pseudoneoplasm" of cholesteatoma, restoration of health and function, and prevention of recurrence is the ideal. Results of "single-barreled" regimens do not yet meet these goals. A compromise surgical management regimen is offered. Etiologic implications of the retraction pocket phenomenon are explored and a testable hypothesis offered.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1975

Excess leukemia in cohorts of children born following influenza epidemics.

Two series of data from the California State Department of Health and one from Children's Hospital of Los Angeles were analyzed to determine whether an association exists between influenza epidemics and incidence of leukemia in children born following such outbreaks. Of leukemic children born in areas for which information on past influenza activity was available, the population-based Alameda County Cancer Registry recorded 89 cases during 1960-1969, the California Tumor Registry recorded 653 cases during 1950-1970, and Children's Hospital recorded 575 cases during 1957-1972. Flu epidemics were identified and flu cohorts constructed such that leukemic children who could have been in utero during a flu epidemic constituted a flu cohort. Based on the total number of leukemia cases reported and the proportion of at-risk weeks contributed by the flu cohort, expected numbers of leukemia cases from the flu cohort were computed for each age. In each series, there was an excess of leukemia cases in the flu cohort, contributed primarily by the 0-4 age group. Trimester analysis indicated that the greatest excess occurred in children who were in the first trimester of gestation during a flu epidemic. Incidence data from the Cancer Incidence System of the San Francisco Bay Area Resource for Cancer Epidemiology and the Third National Cancer Survey show a relative risk of 3.4 for this group. Due to sources of misclassification in this study, such as analysis of flu cohorts rather than individuals whose mothers actually had influenza during pregnancy, the results tend to be diluted. If influenza is a causative factor, the actual increase in leukemia risk is likely to be much greater than this analysis indicates.

Adolescent↗