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Biomedical subjects

D F Austin

Publications and source records attributed to D F Austin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Columellar tympanoplasty.

This article discusses the problem that ossicular reconstruction presents when the malleus handle has been destroyed and a columella must be used. The technical problems and failures of the past twenty-five years are exposed in an effort to glean the lessons of this experience. A comparison of three types of columella currently used--bone, ceramic, and polyethylene--is presented. Since there have been disadvantages and excessive failure rates with each type of columella, other techniques have been attempted and are described. Many of the questions posed by the efforts to develop adequate solutions to the problems of columellar tympanoplasty are restated here in the hope that cooperative research and development between surgeon and manufacturer will continue and prosper.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1985

Cancer incidence among employees of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1969-1980.

The cancer incidence from 1969 through 1980 among active members of an occupational cohort (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL] was compared with that of the same-age sector of the total population of the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Excesses were found for malignant melanoma of the skin and salivary gland tumors and a deficit for lung cancer in men. No excesses were noted for radiosensitive tissue groups. The overall incidence of cancer among LLNL employees for this time period is approximately that for the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A decade of tympanoplasty: progress or regress?

The surgery of chronic ear disease has continued to be a popular topic during the seventies. The literature for this period has been collected and organized by both surgical topics and disease topics. The changes in technique, particularly for ossiculoplasty, are discussed in the light of the author's experiences. The surgical approaches to a particular disease process are likewise reviewed. Changes in surgical philosophy are discussed both for particular authors as well as for the overall trends.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1982

The decreasing incidence of endometrial cancer: public health implications.

The incidence of endometrial cancer in the San Francisco area between 1969 and 1979 is compared to trends in estrogen sales and prescriptions. Both estrogen use and endometrial cancer incidence increased steadily until 1975 and then decreased significantly. The data support the previously documented association between endometrial cancer and estrogen use, but suggest that short-term usage may carry only slightly increased risk which can be eliminating entirely upon termination of therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Use of hair dyes and risk of bladder cancer.

The relation between use of hair dyes and risk of bladder cancer was assessed using data from a case-control study of bladder cancer. Incident cases (2982) and general population controls (5782) were interviewed. The overall estimate of relative risk of bladder cancer for users of hair dyes was 1.0 (95%) confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.2) compared to nonusers. No consistent pattern of association was detected between bladder cancer risk and various indices of timing or intensity of exposure to hair dyes. Various explanations of the lack of association are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Etiological clues from descriptive epidemiology: squamous carcinoma of the rectum or anus.

In San Francisco, the crude incidence rate of squamous cell cancer of the rectum or anus in males averaged 11.3/million and 8.8/million in females in 1972-77. In the 4 other counties of the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, the rates were 3.8 in males and 7.3 in females. Fifty-five percent of the San Francisco male patients were single (i.e., never married) and, for the remaining counties, 18% were single. One-fifth to one-fourth of the adult population of San Francisco is believed to be homosexual. Thus a high rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum or anus is associated with single males in a county widely noted for its homosexual community. This is consistent with a hypothesis that a venereally transmissable agent or its treatment is responsible for some portion of the incidence of that tumor.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Malignant melanoma among employees of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

19 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) were observed during 1972-77 among approximately 5100 employees of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where high energy physics research is conducted. This number was significantly higher (p less than 2 X 10(-6)) than that expected in a comparable age/race/sex/geographical segment of the population of the San Francisco Bay Area. The excess seemed to occur only among laboratory employees and not among the surrounding community, which suggests that an occupational factor is responsible. Preliminary case-comparison findings suggest that MM risk is not associated with length of employment at the laboratory nor with type of monitored radiation exposure. Although the data did not support an association between MM incidence and all scientific job classifications combined, an excess relative risk was observed among chemists. The reasons for the MM excess have not been identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Polytomography in Ménière's disease: an update.

In a previous article the use of polytomography of the vestibular aqueduct in Meniere's disease was described. The value of this procedure in the prognosis of surgery was evaluated by contrast of results with a non-radiographically examined population. Since then five more years of experience has been gained through routine radiographic examination of all patients with Meniere's disease. Within the above epoch, several efforts have been made to effectively separate patients into categories based on therapeutic expectations and prognostic stratifications. In addition X-ray studies, glycerol tests, hearing levels, frequency of vertigo and other clinical features have been suggested as offering suitable data for prognostic stratification. This upper updates the radiologic data previously presented, and reviews the efforts to date to accomplish significant prognostic stratification. Several clinical aspects of patients with Meniere's disease which may affect its severity are outlined.

Endolymphatic Sac↗
PubMed1980

Use of polytomography in Meniere's disease.

In a long-term study of the treatment of Meniere's disease, 105 cases treated from 1965 through 1973 were divided into subgroups by virtue of the institution of routine polytomographic examination of the vestibular aqueduct (1968). A comparison of results of treatment in the two groups (empiric indication of endolymphatic shunt vs x-ray film evidence) yielded the following conclusions: (1) Success or failure of the endolymphatic shunt operation is significantly correlated with patency or obliteration of the vestibular aqueduct as seen on roentgenographic examination. (2) To be effective, medical therapy must be instituted early, when fluctuant hearing is the primary symptom. (3) More severe cases with roentgenographically obliterated vestibular aqueducts and unrelenting vertigo are best treated with vestibular nerve section via middle fossa craniotomy. (4) More precise definition of pathogenesis is needed to define the disease at onset, so that early definitive therapy may be designed.

Affective Symptoms↗