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Biomedical subjects

D Dawson

Publications and source records attributed to D Dawson.

203 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial aggregation studies with matched proband sampling.

A method is proposed for the analysis of clustered, continuous data arising from matched familial aggregation studies. The problem is suggested by a study designed to estimate the familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study design uses 'proband' sampling, in which individuals identified at sleep clinics as having a high degree of OSA ('cases') are matched to neighborhood 'controls', individuals with normal levels of OSA. The resulting data are used to develop estimates of familial correlations for indices of hypopnea/apnea derived from the sleep monitoring of individual family members. The properties of conditional multivariate normal distributions and random-effects models are used to accommodate proband sampling and matching effects. Examples and simulations are used to demonstrate the importance of applying the proposed procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endothelin, cerebral ischaemia and infarction.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 aminoacid peptide with potent vasoconstrictor properties. It is synthesised and released by endothelial cells in both the peripheral and cerebral vasculature and is also localised within neurones in discrete brain areas where it may contribute to the central regulation of blood pressure. We have shown that intracisternal ET-1 in conscious rats induces a marked pressor response that is associated with an intense widespread reduction in cerebral blood flow. Subsequent studies with local application of ET-1 to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) revealed a dose dependent reversible vasoconstriction of the artery that resulted in profound reductions in local cerebral blood flow and the development of cerebral infarction. Thus abluminal application of ET-1 to the MCA offers a simple model of reversible focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat that complements the existing models of permanent MCA occlusion. The ET-1 model will help to provide new insights into the mechanisms of cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury, and to evaluate the usefulness of novel strategies of neuroprotection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the receiving end: experiences of being a relative in critical care. Part 1.

This is the first of a series of three papers, presenting in her own words the experiences of Jane, an intensive care staff nurse, when her husband was admitted to her own intensive care unit. In part one, Jane describes her husband's admission to the accident and emergency department, the intensive care unit and subsequent transfer to a regional neurological unit. Jane gives a powerful and often very moving account of her experiences as a relative on the receiving end of critical care. There are many aspects of her husband's nursing and medical care, with which Jane remains dissatisfied. Some of these issues are discussed through professional commentaries, which are offered in the latter part of the paper.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical decisions made by nurses in intensive care--results of a telephone survey.

A telephone survey of 89 GICUs in England was performed, using stratified quota sampling. 75 (84%) units reported changes in practice over the past 3 years. The reported changes were not only task orientated but also encompassed increased autonomy, organisational changes and increased workload. The absence of significant relationships between the activities suggests that nursing practice development is dependent on patient need and/or local factors. The lack of pattern suggests that it may be inappropriate to compare units for the purpose of nurse staffing.

Clinical Competence↗