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Biomedical subjects

D Colin

Publications and source records attributed to D Colin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cancer mortality and wood dust exposure among participants in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II).

In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified wood duct as a human carcinogen, based on very strong evidence of a carcinogenic risk of sino-nasal cancer. Excesses of other cancers, including lung and stomach, have been reported among persons employed in wood industries or occupationally exposed to wood dust, but not as consistently. We investigated such possible associations using the mortality experience of 362,823 men enrolled in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-II in 1982 and followed up for 6 years. Within this group, 45,399 men (12.5%) reported either employment in a wood-related occupation or exposure to wood dust or both. Among woodworkers, a small but significant excess risk was found for all cases of death (RR 1.17 (95% CI 1.11-1.24)) and for total malignancies (RR 1.17 (1.05-1.30)). Among men who reported exposure to wood dust, there was an elevated risk of total mortality (Rr 1.07 (1.03-1.11)), total malignancies (RR 1.08 (1.01-1.15)), and lung cancer (RR 1.17 (1.04-1.31)). Among woodworkers, a significant trend (P = 0.02) of increasing risk of lung cancer with increasing duration of exposure was observed. An unexpected, significantly increased mortality from prostate cancer was observed in both wood-employed and wood-exposed, and a twofold increased risk of fatal brain cancer was seen among the former. Lung cancer mortality was especially high among woodworkers who also reported exposure to asbestos or formaldehyde, and it appears that exposure to these known carcinogens may partly explain the observed increased risks. Excess sino-nasal cancer was not observed, but the number of cases was small.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1998

Nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II).

Nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) mortality was examined among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer Society's CPS-II cohort study. During the 6-year prospective follow-up there were 97 NMRD death's among 11,541 men reporting employment in wood-related occupations and 1,338 NMRD deaths among 317,424 men reporting no exposure to wood dust or wood-related jobs. Relative risks, adjusted for age and smoking, were calculated using Poisson regression. A small excess of NMRD was observed among woodworkers. However, the relative risk was higher among woodworkers who did not report exposure to wood dust (RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.18-1.97) than those who did (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.91-1.77), and no clear trend with duration of exposure was observed. An excess of NMRD was observed among woodworkers reporting exposure to asbestos (RR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.85-2.96), as well as the small number of woodworkers reporting exposure to formaldehyde (RR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.63-6.06), but men not reporting exposure to these substances also had an excess risk. Although limited by a short follow-up period and crude indicators of exposure, the strengths of this analysis were the ability to compare woodworkers to a similar, healthy population and to adjust for the effects of smoking. Cohort studies with better exposure information are needed to examine the role of occupational exposures among woodworkers in the etiology of respiratory disease.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1998

Cancer occurrence among European mercury miners.

OBJECTIVES: To study the carcinogenicity of inorganic mercury in humans. METHODS: We studied the mortality from cancer among 6784 male and 265 female workers of four mercury mines and mills in Spain, Slovenia, Italy and the Ukraine. Workers were employed between the beginning of the century and 1990; the follow-up period lasted from the 1950s to the 1990s. We compared the mortality of the workers with national reference rates. RESULTS: Among men, there was no overall excess cancer mortality; an increase was observed in mortality from lung cancer (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 1.19, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.38) and liver cancer (SMR 1.64, CI 1.18-2.22). The increase in lung cancer risk was restricted to workers from Slovenia and the Ukraine: no relationship was found with duration of employment or estimated mercu ry exposure. The increase in liver cancer risk was present both among miners and millers and was stronger in workers from Italy and Slovenia: there was a trend with estimated cumulative exposure but not with duration of employment, and the excess was not present in a parallel analysis of cancer incidence among workers from Slovenia. No increase was observed for other types of cancer, including brain and kidney tumours. Among female workers (Ukraine only), three deaths occurred from ovarian cancer, likely representing an excess. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to inorganic mercury in mines and mills does not seem strongly associated with cancer risk, with the possible exception of liver cancer; the increase in lung cancer may be explained by co-exposure to crystalline silica and radon.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1998

Cancer mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to chloroprene (Russia).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of cancer among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) (CP). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to CP was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all-cancer mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from liver cancer (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), kidney cancer (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and leukemia (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from liver cancer and leukemia was associated with various indicators of CP exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for kidney cancer mortality; while for the remaining neoplasms, no association was suggested with CP exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between CP exposure and risk of leukemia may be due to concomitant exposure to benzene. The results for liver cancer point towards a carcinogenic effect of CP.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1998

Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers.

The authors studied noncancer mortality among phenoxyacid herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers included in an international study comprising 36 cohorts from 12 countries followed from 1939 to 1992. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or higher chlorinated dioxins (TCDD/HCD) was discerned from job records and company questionnaires with validation by biologic and environmental measures. Standard mortality ratio analyses suggested a moderate healthy worker effect for all circulatory diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, among both those exposed and those not exposed to TCDD/HCD. In Poisson regression analyses, exposure to TCDD/HCD was not associated with increased mortality from cerebrovascular disease. However, an increased risk for circulatory disease, especially ischemic heart disease (rate ratio [RR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.23-2.26) and possibly diabetes (RR 2.25, 95% Cl 0.53-9.50), was present among TCDD/HCD-exposed workers. Risks tended to be higher 10 to 19 years after first exposure and for those exposed for a duration of 10 to 19 years. Mortality from suicide was comparable to that for the general population for all workers exposed to herbicides or chlorophenols and was associated with short latency and duration of exposure. More refined investigations of the ischemic heart disease and TCDD/HCD exposure association are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An evaluation of hyper-oxygenated fatty acid esters in pressure sore management.

The aim of this study was to use transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) measurements to evaluate the efficacy of a solution containing hyper-oxygenated fatty acid esters in the prevention of pressure sores in 28 patients at high risk of developing sores. Statistical analysis indicates a significant difference between tcpO2 values during pressure exertion before and after application of the product (p = 0.014). Oxygen pressure values decreased significantly when the patient applied pressure to the sacral area before the test product was applied whereas no difference in oxygen pressure values was noted after application of the test product.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins. An expanded and updated international cohort study.

The authors examined cancer mortality in a historical cohort study of 21,863 male and female workers in 36 cohorts exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins in 12 countries. Subjects in this updated and expanded multinational study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer were followed from 1939 to 1992. Exposure was reconstructed using job records, company exposure questionnaires, and serum and adipose tissue dioxin levels. Among workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or higher chlorinated dioxins, mortality from soft-tissue sarcoma (6 deaths; standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-4.43) was higher than expected from national mortality rates. Mortality from all malignant neoplasms (710 deaths; SMR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (24 deaths; SMR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.89-2.06), and lung cancer (225 deaths; SMR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.28) was slightly elevated. Risks for all neoplasms, for sarcomas, and for lymphomas increased with time since first exposure. In workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides with minimal or no contamination by TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins, mortality from all neoplasms (398 deaths; SMR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (9 deaths; SMR = 1.00), and lung cancer (148 deaths; SMR = 1.03) was similar to that expected, and mortality from soft-tissue sarcoma was slightly elevated (2 deaths; SMR = 1.35). In a Poisson regression analysis, workers exposed to TCDD or higher chlorinated dioxins had an increased risk for all neoplasms (rate ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 0.94-1.76) compared with workers from the same cohort exposed to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols but with minimal or no exposure to TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins. These findings indicate that exposure to herbicides contaminated with TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins may be associated with a small increase in overall cancer risk and in risk for specific cancers.

Australia↗
PubMed1997

Sinonasal cancer and occupation. Results from the reanalysis of twelve case-control studies.

A pooled reanalysis of twelve case-control studies on sinonasal cancer and occupation from seven countries was conducted in order to study associations with occupations other than wood- and leather-related occupations. The pooled data set included a total of 930 cases (680 men and 250 women) and 3,136 controls (2,349 men and 787 women). All the studies included a detailed occupational history for cases and controls. Each job was coded using the same classifications for occupation and industry. Two approaches were used in the analysis: systematic analysis of occupations; a priori analysis using a preestablished list of occupations and industries. The results confirmed associations observed in several studies not included in this analysis. For agricultural workers, significant excesses were observed for squamous cell carcinoma among women (OR = 1.69) and men (OR = 3.72 for ten years or more of employment as an orchard worker), and adenocarcinomas among men (OR = 2.98 for ten years or more of employment). Associations with textile occupations were observed for adenocarcinoma among women (OR = 2.60) and squamous cell carcinoma among men (OR = 5.09 for fiber preparers, 3.01 for bleachers). Elevated risks for both histologic types were observed among men employed in food manufacturing (OR = 3.25, adenocarcinoma), or as food preservers (OR = 13.9, squamous cell carcinoma), and among men employed as cooks (OR = 1.99, squamous cell carcinoma). A positive association with squamous cell carcinoma was observed for male transport equipment operators (OR = 1.21), and also with adenocarcinoma for male motor-vehicle drivers (OR = 2.50). A number of other associations were observed in the systematic analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Mortality of Italian lead smelter workers.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health consequences of employment in the lead-smelting industry. METHODS: A mortality study of 1388 workers and laborers in production and maintenance departments was conducted in an Italian lead-smelting plant. The vital status of cohort members was determined from 1950 to 1992. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for specific causes of death on the basis of national and regional reference rates. The relative risk for selected causes of death was also modeled as a function of age, calendar period, latency, and duration of employment with Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant 4.5-fold excess mortality from pneumoconiosis and other diseases of the respiratory system was observed, but the risk of pneumoconiosis did not show a significant trend by duration of employment. Mortality from all cancers, stomach cancer, and lung cancer was lower than expected. The standardized mortality ratios for genitourinary diseases and kidney cancer were not significantly elevated, but the Poisson regression analysis showed that both risks increased significantly by duration of employment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide limited evidence that long-term employment in lead-smelting plants increases the risk of genitourinary diseases and kidney cancer. The observed increase in mortality from pneumoconiosis and other diseases of the respiratory system was more likely related to silica exposure in other workplaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ankle to arm index following maximal exercise in normal subjects and athletes.

Recent reports have suggested that minor arterial lesions can be responsible for claudication in athletes occurring only during maximal exercise. Ankle to arm index measurements (AAI) prove the arterial origin of this claudication, but little is known about the normal response of AAI to maximal exercise. Therefore, we studied the response of AAI to maximal exercise in trained and untrained normal subjects. AAI and heart rate (HR) were recorded at rest and following maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer in 15 untrained (VO2 = 41.5 +/- 4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1) and 15 trained (VO2 = 58.4 +/- 2.8 ml.kg-1.min-1) volunteers. All subjects were without known peripheral arterial disease. At rest, AAI was 1.08 +/- 0.08 in untrained subjects and 1.15 +/- 0.05 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). HR was 73.9 +/- 11.0 in untrained subjects and 57.1 +/- 8.3 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). Following exercise, AAI decreased during the first minutes of recovery in all subjects, with a significant difference between untrained and trained subjects. Although untrained subjects sustained a lower workload than trained subjects, at 1 min following exercise AAI was 0.70 +/- 0.06 in untrained versus 0.8 +/- 0.08 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). No difference in AAI to HR relationships was noted between untrained and trained subjects. In conclusion, we suggest that AAI should be interpreted with regard to HR at the end of maximal exercise and we project normal results for the AAI to HR relationships following maximal exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ankle to arm index response to exercise and heat stress in healthy subjects.

Ankle to arm index (AAI) defined as the ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP), to brachial systolic blood pressure is largely used in the study of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). To study the hypothesis of the shunt of blood away from the skin as the explanation of AAI decrease in exercise, we studied the AAI and ASBP responses to an increase in cardiac output originating from an increase either in muscle blood flow (exercise) or in cutaneous blood flow (thermal stress). Brachial systolic pressure, ankle systolic pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured in 9 healthy subjects at rest, during heart thermal stress and following maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Compared to resting values, AAI decreased in all subjects from 1.05 +/- 0.07 to 0.75 +/- 0.07 (P < 0.05) 1 min following exercise and from 1.08 +/- 0.07 to 0.94 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.05) during heat stress. On the other hand, HR increased from 72.8 +/- 12.2 to 112.4 +/- 19.6 (P < 0.05) min following exercise and from 75.5 +/- 13.6 to 96.8 +/- 15.3 (P < 0.05) during heat stress. Since a comparable relation exists between AAI and HR in thermal stress and exercise, we suggest that the decrease in AAI in normal subjects following exercise is due to turbulences at high flow levels, rather than the shunting of blood to active muscles in exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of external pressure on transcutaneous oxygen tension and laser Doppler flowmetry on sacral skin.

The effects of external pressure upon transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2) and skin blood flow (SKBF) over the sacral area were studied in 16 healthy volunteers. Pressure was applied on the sacral area using a special device which included tcpO2 and laser-Doppler flowmetry probes. The mean values of tcpO2, SKBF and wave occurrence of the flow were analysed for 18 increasing pressure levels. A significant decrease of tcpO2 was observed from 40 mmHg (5.3 Kpa) of applied pressure, while we obtained a significant decrease of SKBF when the external pressure was at 20 mmHg (2.7 Kpa). Using a non-linear regression model, we have found a fourth degree polynomial to describe the relationship between tcpO2 and SKBF according to increasing pressure. SKBF slow wave occurrence decreased when external pressure was at 10 mmHg (1.3 Kpa), while rapid wave occurrence significantly decreased only at 120 mmHg (16.1 kPa) pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: an analysis of two cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cancer risk of shoe manufacturing workers and evaluate whether the risk was associated with exposure to leather dust and solvents. METHODS: Data from two historical cohort studies of shoe workers were expanded and analysed in parallel. A total of 4215 shoemakers from England contributing 103 726 person-years at risk and 2008 shoemakers from Florence, Italy, contributing 54,395 person-years at risk were included in the analysis. Exposure to leather dusts and solvents from glues was evaluated on the basis of job title information. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated as ratios of observed deaths (Obs) over expected derived from national mortalities. RESULTS: Overall mortality was lower than expected in both cohorts (English cohort: Obs 3314, SMR 81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 78-84; Florence cohort: Obs 333, SMR 87, 95% CI 78-97). An increased risk of nasal cancer was found (English cohort: Obs 12, SMR 741; Florence cohort: Obs 1, SMR 909). 10 of the 13 cases occurred among English workers employed in the manufacture of welted boots (SMR 926, 95% CI 444-1703), a sector of the industry thought to have had the highest exposure to leather dust. Mortality from leukaemia was not increased in the English cohort (Obs 16, SMR 89), but was increased in the Florence cohort (Obs 8, SMR 214, 95% CI 92-421); and the highest risk was found among shoe workers in Florence who were first exposed between 1950 and 1959 when exposure to benzene was substantial (Obs 3, SMR 536, 95% CI 111-1566). Some evidence for an excess risk of stomach, bladder, and kidney cancer, as well as multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was also found in the Florence cohort only among workers employed in jobs with the highest exposure to solvents. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the associations between exposure to leather dust and nasal cancer and between exposure to benzene and leukaemia in the shoe manufacturing industry and suggest that the risk of other cancers may be increased among workers exposed to solvents or glues.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Managing sloughy pressure sores.

This clinical investigation compares the performance of an amorphous hydrogel and a dextranomer paste in the management of sloughy pressure sores in the hospital environment. Specific parameters measured during the study were efficacy, safety, ease of handling and patient comfort. The clinical investigation was restricted to the debridement of sloughy non-viable tissue only. The amorphous hydrogel and dextranomer paste performed to a similar standard in terms of debridement of non-viable tissue. At day 21, however, the median reduction in wound area was 35% in the amorphous hydrogel group compared with 7% in the dextranomer paste group.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Pressure sore in patients with spinal cord injuries].

Pressure sore is a frequent and severe complication in spinal cord injured patients because of many specific risk factors. The patient must be responsible for his prevention program. An early and continuous education enables him to know the occurrence mechanisms of pressure sore and manage himself this prevention. A regular inspection of the risk areas is necessary and every beginning sore must lead to ask an advice from a specialist and to practice a complete check up. Wound healing may be obtained by an early and adequate treatment. If it is not the case surgical operation is necessary provided that a careful nursing is assured.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Heart rate-corrected ankle-to-arm index in the diagnosis of moderate lower extremity arterial disease.

UNLABELLED: Although the ratio of ankle-to-arm systolic pressures (AAI) at rest is widely used in the clinical diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease, the heart rate (HR) at which the measurements are performed is rarely reported. The relation of ankle-to-arm index (AAI) to HR was studied in a normal population (n = 65) and in a population of patients (n = 101) suspected of moderate lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). In the normal population, a significant inverse correlation was found between AAI and HR at rest: AAI = -0.277 x HR/100 + 1.303; r = -0.52, P < 0.001. In the second population suspected of LEAD, the authors recorded AAI and HR at rest on both legs; 80 normal legs, 110 diseased legs. Thereafter, with normal limits as superior to 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95, sensitivity was respectively 16, 39, and 46%, and specificity was 100, 100, and 98%. In defining normal limit as superior to -2 standard deviations of the AAI-HR relation found in the normal population, sensitivity and specificity were 57 and 100%, respectively. IN CONCLUSION: In screening for LEAD in the general population with the use of AAI at rest, the authors suggest that the heart rate at which arterial pressure measurements are performed should be reported.

Adult↗