Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to D Campbell.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal cocaine use and infant behavior.

We hypothesized that prenatal cocaine exposure results in less optimal infant behavior and more impaired maternal-infant interaction in healthy term infants. Infants were evaluated with the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) at days 1-3 and 11-30 of age, and mother-infant pairs with the Nursing Child Assessment of Feeding Scale (NCAFS) at 7-16 weeks of age. Drug use was determined from confidential interviews, urine assays and medical records. Cocaine-exposed infants (N = 51) were no different than unexposed comparison infants (N = 60) on the first NBAS exam. On the second NBAS exam, 20 cocaine-exposed infants had slightly lower motor cluster scores compared with those of 32 unexposed infants (p = 0.01), but this difference was reduced after control for several confounding variables. The NCAFS detected no differences between groups in maternal or infant behavior. Infants in this population showed no clinically meaningful effects of cocaine exposure on behavior or maternal-infant interaction.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparing for the 21st century: diversity in nursing education, research, and practice.

This article presents issues surrounding nursing research, education, and practice as they relate to the changing demographics in American society. The authors suggest that cultural diversity should be a key element in all components of nursing. They present challenges to nurse researchers, educators, and practitioners regarding the essential need to be sensitive about cultural diversity. They further suggest that the 21st century will emerge with demographic shifts that include larger groups of ethnic individuals and families. These ethnic groups will be both care providers and recipients of care. Recommendations are suggested to prepare for diversity in America health care systems.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiologic study of the respiratory effects of trona dust.

Trona (sodium sesquicarbonate) is mined from an underground deposit in Wyoming and processed for use in glass, paper, detergent, and chemical applications. Trona dust is alkaline (pH 10.5) and can have an irritant effect on respiratory airways, mucous membranes, and the skin. A study population of 142 underground miners and 88 surface workers from one facility volunteered for an epidemiologic study. Their mean age was 37.6 yr and mean duration of employment was 10.0 yr. The percentage with chronic cough and phlegm was 23%; both symptoms were more common among smokers than nonsmokers. Thirty-three percent of the workers complained of dyspnea when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill. Half of the workers complained of upper respiratory tract symptoms and eye irritation. Both smokers and exsmokers had significant declines of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) with age; exsmokers also had declines with work-years when compared to a nonsmoking comparison population. Nonsmokers with personal dust measurements had a significant decline of FEV1.0 related to respirable dust exposure. A shift study of 104 workers revealed a significant fall in FEV1.0 among nonsmokers and surface workers. Significance was approached in the high dust exposure group. An increase in the mean percent predicted forced vital capacity and FEV1.0 was shown for the 125 workers who had a 5-yr follow-up of pulmonary function. There was no correlation between the shift study decrements and the longitudinal 5-yr follow-up. Industrial hygiene dust sampling found elevated levels of total dust but lower respirable dust, with no detectable free silica.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feminism: a perspective for the 21st century.

This article details some of the key elements related to feminism in American society. It suggests that the meaning and significance of a feminist perspective need to be reexamined for their importance and utility in this dynamic and rapidly changing society. A discussion of the meaning of feminism provides a framework for the article. Issues related to cultural diversity and the need for competent health care delivery for all people are some major themes. The other emphasis is related to research and women. Numerous challenges are outlined. A feminist perspective is recommended as a conceptual model through which health care reform can be enhanced. If feminism were embraced, the health status of people would be improved.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune reconstitution after autologous purged bone marrow transplantation in children.

PURPOSE: Immune reconstitution was studied in 30 children who had received purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for neuroblastoma or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Patients with neuroblastoma received high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation, and patients with AML received chemotherapy alone. Marrows were purged ex vivo with either antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies (neuroblastoma) or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (AML). Lymphocyte subsets, mitogen stimulation studies, and immunoglobulin levels were studied every 4 months. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients in lymphocyte number or subsets over time. In both groups, CD2+ and CD4+ cells were below normal in 33% of patients at 12 months. CD4+/CD8+ ratios were below normal for up to 8 months after transplantation and natural killer cells were elevated for up to 2 years in most patients. Median IgG and IgA levels were below the age mean even at 2 years after transplantation, although patients with AML had significantly higher IgG levels at 12 months compared with those with neuroblastoma. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens were markedly reduced at 4 months but returned to normal at 8 months. Despite the delay in immune reconstitution, there were no life-threatening infections. CONCLUSIONS: There appeared to be little difference in the overall kinetics of immune reconstitution between the children with neuroblastoma, who received total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy, and those with AML, who received high-dose chemotherapy alone as their pretransplant preparative regimen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medicine needs its MI5.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypocalciuric effects of hydrochlorothiazide in the rat during NaHCO3, NaCl and NH4Cl loading.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and NaHCO3 each lower urinary calcium excretion, while NaCl and NH4Cl each increase urinary calcium. This study examines the ability of HCTZ to lower urinary calcium during NaHCO3, NaCl and NH4Cl loading in the rat. We show that HCTZ lowers urinary calcium in rats treated with NaHCO3, NaCl and NH4Cl. We demonstrate that urinary calcium excretion is depressed to a greater degree by administering NaHCO3 and HCTZ in combination than by administering these agents separately.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring cardiac output in critically Ill patients: disagreement between thermodilution-, calculated-, expired gas-, and oxygen consumption-based methods.

Calculated values of oxygen consumption have been used to calculate a Fick cardiac output when thermodilution measurements are unreliable and when oxygen consumption measurements are unavailable. To determine the accuracy of these calculations, we measured cardiac output in 20 patients by four methods: (1) a reference Fick cardiac output calculated from metabolic oxygen consumption measurements and arterial-venous oxygen content difference (COmet); (2) thermodilution cardiac output (COtherm), (3) an estimated Fick cardiac output based on calculated oxygen consumption using standard equations (COcalc), and (4) an estimated Fick cardiac output using a bedside measurement of expired carbon dioxide production (COexp). The mean difference +/- 95% limits of agreement between COtherm and COmet was 1.71 +/- 5 liters/min. The mean difference between COcalc and COmet was -0.04 +/- 3.33 liters/min. The mean difference between COexp and COmet was 0.31 +/- 3.01 liters/min. On the basis of these wide confidence intervals, we conclude that (1) thermodilution and metabolic measurements of cardiac output frequently differ in critically ill patients, and (2) estimates of oxygen consumption, based on either standard equations or on expired carbon dioxide production measurements, are poor substitutes for metabolic measurements of oxygen consumption in critically ill subjects and may provide inaccurate estimates of cardiac output.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of molecular probes and PCR for detection and typing of Leishmania--a mini-review.

The use of molecular tools to detect and type Leishmania species in humans, reservoirs or sandflies has been pursued using different approaches. The polymerase chain reaction provided sensitivity to case this task, since the use of hybridization procedures alone employing specific probes is hampered due to the low detection limit. In this report, we describe the different molecular targets used in our laboratory, aiming at the detection and specific typing of these protozoa. Different kits based on hybridization assays and PCR amplification using kinetoplast and nuclear targets are described and the results obtained from their use are reported.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the effect of continuous insulin infusion using the subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal sites.

The metabolic response to exercise in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) man was assessed during continuous insulin infusion using the subcutaneous (CSII), intravenous (CIVII), and intraperitoneal (CIPII) routes. During the basal period, plasma glucose levels were higher with CIPII (153 +/- 17 mg/dl) than with CSII (117 +/- 13 mg/dl) or CIVII (118 +/- 17 mg/dl). Basal free insulin concentrations were similar for CSII (12.3 +/- 10 microU/ml) and CIVII (12.4 +/- 1.4 MicroU/ml) but lower in CIPII (8.5 +/- 1.0 microU/ml, P less than 0.05). Exercise on a stationary bicycle at 75 W for 60 min produced a decline of plasma glucose in each protocol that was significantly only during CIVII (55 +/- 11 mg/dl, P less than 0.01). Insulin levels remained unchanged throughout the study period in all protocols. In normals, insulin values decreased during exercise and remained below basal levels through the recovery period (P less than 0.05), while plasma glucose remained unchanged. Plasma glucagon and epinephrine levels were similar in all protocols and remained unchanged with exercise, while plasma norepinephrine tended to be higher than normal in all diabetic subjects. Significant differences between normal and diabetic subjects (P less than 0.05) were observed for blood ketone bodies, while blood lactate, glycerol, and plasma FFA were similar. Normalization of intermediary metabolites occurred only with CIVII. Continuous insulin infusion provides near-normal glycemic and metabolic control before, during and following exercise in IDD man. However, to produce normal blood concentrations of intermediary metabolites during exercise, the insulin infusion rate may be excessive in terms of its hypoglycemic effect. CSII appears to be a safe, accessible, and adequate method for treating diabetic man during exercise.

Adult↗