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Biomedical subjects

D Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to D Campbell.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Utilizing nonparametric statistical techniques: evaluating management effectiveness of an alcoholic treatment center.

A system of measures was designed to evaluate the effect of a change in management of an alcoholic treatment center. The measures also were used to indicate the causes for the changes in performance. Because the treatment center's physical plant is to be replaced in the near future, regression techniques, using one of the evaluation measures, were used to predict the size of the replacement facility and when it should become operational. The evaluation was made approximately a year after the management change occurred. Because only a limited amount of data was available, it was necessary to use nonparametric statistical techniques.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Colonic motor and myoelectrical activity: a comparative study of normal subjects, psychoneurotic patients, and patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Colonic electrical control activity and colonic motor activity in patients with IBS were compared to that found in patients who were equally psychologically disturbed but without bowel symptoms and to the colonic activity of normal subjects. A psychologic assessment was followed by measurement of activity in the rectosigmoid colon during baseline, a neutral interview, a stressful interview, and after a meal or neostigmine. Myoelectrical activity was recorded from two intraluminal bipolar suction electrodes; motor activity was recorded from two intraluminal strain gauges at the same sites. The number and duration of contractions per minute were determined by inspection of the motor activity record; the frequency content of both the motor and myoelectrical records was determined using the Fast Fourier Transform method. Patient selection was successful in producing two groups psychologically similar to each other and more disturbed than the normals. The IBS group had a greater number and duration of contractions than the normals at one recording site during baseline; there were no differences in electrical control (slow wave) activity between these same two groups. The IBS group did not differ significantly from the neurotic group on measures of either electrical control activity or motor activity. Possible reasons for the discrepancies between this and some previous studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of propranolol as treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms.

A trial of propranolol for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms was conducted among 37 menopausal women in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion. When compared with placebo, propranolol had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of both the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms (P less than 0.01). In selected patients, propranolol may be an alternative to the treatment of vasomotor symptoms with exogenous estrogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of enflurane and halothane on liver blood flow and oxygen consumption in the greyhound.

The effects of increasing inspired concentrations of halothane 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% and enflurane 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0% on the hepatic circulation, were investigated in two groups of anaesthetized greyhounds. Hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow were measured continuously using electromagnetic flow probes. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were monitored throughout each investigation. At equipotent anaesthetic concentrations there were similar and dose-dependent decreases in hepatic arterial, portal venous and total liver blood flows in both groups. Enflurane produced a more marked decrease in mean arterial pressure than halothane because of a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Hepatic arterial resistance decreased significantly with enflurane but was unchanged in the group receiving halothane. Neither drug affected hepatic oxygen consumption significantly.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of personal pollution monitoring techniques for use in the operating room.

Three personal pollution monitors (adsorption tubes, diffusion dosimeters and evacuated bottles) have been tested, in routinely used operating rooms and under controlled laboratory conditions, for their accuracy and reproducibility relative to one another and to measurements by infra-red spectroscopy. All the techniques provide time-weighted average measurements of pollutant concentrations. Tubes and dosimeters measure halothane with greater accuracy than that required by N.I.O.S.H. regulations, but neither technique can measure inorganic pollutants such as nitrous oxide. The prototype evacuated bottles tested are unsatisfactory at their present stage of development for the measurement of both halothane and nitrous oxide concentrations. We believe that, at the present time, surveys of operating room pollution can best be carried out using adsorption tubes of diffusion dosimeters for personal halothane concentrations and a portable infra-red spectrometer for measurement of background nitrous oxide concentrations.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Association of disomic chromosome loss with EMS-induced conversion in yeast.

Experimental tests with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a previously proposed model suggesting a causal relationship between disomic chromosome loss (n + 1 leads to n) and centromere-adjacent mitotic gene conversion were performed. Disomic haploid cells heteroallelic at two loci on the left arm of chromosome III were exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) under nonlethal conditions; EMS-induced prototrophic gene convertants were selected and tested for coincident chromosome loss. The principal results are: (1) The frequency of chromosome loss among EMS-induced gene convertants selected to arise near the centromere is markedly enhanced over basal levels and remains constant, independent of EMS exposure. There is little such enhancement among EMS-induced convertants selected to arise far from the centromere. (2) Chromosome loss is almost completely associated with induced conversion of the centromere-proximal allele at the centromere-adjacent heteroallelic locus. This result is identical to (and confirms) results found previously for spontaneous loss-associated conversion. (3) The conversion polarity at the centromere-adjacent locus among unselected (nonloss-associated) induced or spontaneous mitotic convertants is identical to that among meiotic convertants and markedly favors the contromere-distal allele. These findings are wholly consistent with, and strengthen, the hypothesis that structural involvement of centromeric regions in nearby recombinational events may interfere with proper segregational function and lead to mitotic chromosome loss.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1980

Computer-assisted self-assessment in anaesthesia: a preliminary study.

Fifty-six anaesthetists participated in a trial of the use of microcomputers for self-assessment. Ninety-three per cent of the anaesthetists found the concept of computer-assisted self-assessment acceptable. The only significant difference in the scores achieved by different groups was found with a specialised intensive care program in which senior registrars had a higher average score than older consultants.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1980

The unit value system: if you're not interested you should be.

This paper, based on an address delivered at the 1977 C.A.O.T. Conference in Halifax, contends that, generally speaking, occupational therapists are neither well informed about, nor proficient in the use of statistics. This is unfortunate in an age when its use of has become a powerful administrative tool. It is important for Occupational Therapists to become knowledgeable about the use of statistics in order that they can communicate with the administrators who speak the language of numbers. Statistics can be used and abused. Improved knowledge and understanding will protect occupational therapy from abuse and enable us to concentrate on our real specialty, service delivery.

Canada↗
PubMed1980

Scapular osteotomy for Sprengel's shoulder.

The features of congenital elevation of the scapula are described for a group of 16 children. Fibrous bands which tether the scapula and limit its movements were discovered in most children. Vertical displacement osteotomy of the medial border of the scapula and division of the fibrous attachments have provided a reliable and safe treatment for 12 children during the past 10 years.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Irritable bowel syndrome: a test of the colonic hyperalgesia hypothesis.

This study tested the hypothesis that, patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there is a primary hyperalgesia of the colon. Previous work, which examined these patients and normals, has not included subjects who provide a control for relevant psychological characteristics. We compared ratings of pain, following varying degrees of distension of the sigmoid colon, in normals, patients with IBS, and patients who were psychologically disturbed but without bowel symptoms. Psychological characteristics were assessed by a psychiatric interview and psychometric inventories; response to distension was tested by placing a tube in the rectosigmoid colon and successively inflating a nd deflating a balloon at its tip at 10 cm3 increments up to 50 cm3. Ratings of pain were recorded at each volume. The results indicated that the two patient groups were psychologically similar and both were more disturbed than normals. A linear relation was found between reports of pain and volume of distension in all three groups. There were no significant differences between the proportions of subjects experiencing pain in each group or the average of the ratings. There were no significant associations between the pain ratings and measures of anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and extraversion. The data do not support the hypothesis that colonic hyperalgesia is an important contributory factor in the etiology of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hypercarbia on hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption in the greyhound.

The stability of a technique for measuring hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption was established in six greyhounds anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (group A). Subsequently, the effects of increased PaCO2 were studied in another six animals (group B). With one exception (splenic blood flow) no significant changes were observed in any of the indices measured in group A. In group B, although hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF) decreased when PaCO2 increased, both portal venous blood flow (PVBF) and total liver blood flow (HABF+PVBF) increased. However, these changes were much less marked after 20 min. Hepatic oxygen consumption and splenic venous blood flow were unchanged with an increase in PaCO2.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparisons of virulence of influenza virus recombinants in ferrets in relation to their behaviour in man and their genetic constitution.

Two parent viruses, A/Finland/4/74(H3N2) and A/Okuda/57(H2N2), virulent and attenuated respectively for man, showed similar differences of virulence in ferrets as judged by estimations of 50% minimal infectious doses (MID50), the level and persistence of nasal infection, the height and duration of pyrexia and the level of lung infection. In ferrets, two recombinant clones, WRL 94(H3N2) and WRL 105(H3N2), were almost as virulent as A/Finland and indistinguishable from one another, a result which agreed well with genetic analysis (Hay et al. 1977); the RNA pieces of these recombinants appeared identical and largely derived from the virulent parent (A/Finland). The results in ferrets did not agree with tests on clone WRL 94 in small numbers of human volunteers but they were not inconsistent with those on clone WRL 105 in larger numbers. It is possible therefore that careful tests in ferrets may yield more accurate information on the virulence of strains than limited tests in human volunteers. A rapid test for virulence in ferrets is described. It could be used to screen many additional recombinants thereby yielding information on the genetical basis of virulence and indicating possible vaccine strains for more thorough testing in ferrets and in man.

Animals↗