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Biomedical subjects

D C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to D C Martin.

313 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoassay of human Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A antibody.

An enzyme immunoassay is described which quantitates antibodies to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A capsular polysaccharide in human sera. Modifications of a previously developed two-day assay by Carlone et al. were made to permit analysis in one day and to be compatible with automation. The allowable variations in assay conditions and the areas in which stringent control must be maintained for consistent assay performance are described. Antigen-coating parameters, the kinetics of primary and secondary antibody incubation steps, the buffer compositions, including detergents, serum requirements, and the need for blocking steps were examined. Our modified one-day assay showed excellent agreement with the standardized method of Carlone, with a correlation coefficient between the two methods of 0.989. This assay is adaptable within a permissible range of parameters thus facilitating the implementation of the standardized assay. This will maximize the consistency of results from serum analysis for conjugate vaccine trials related to serotype A Neisseria meningitidis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonvisualized endometriosis at laparoscopy.

Apparently conflicting results have been reported regarding the incidence, and even the existence, of endometriosis in visually normal peritoneum. The present study was undertaken in view of the fact that the presence and incidence of nonvisualized deep and/or microscopic endometriosis may be of importance in patient management. One patient in this study demonstrated a 1-mm lesion of endometriosis beneath visually normal peritoneum. Two additional patients had cellular surface zones of possible endometrial stroma without a contiguous epithelial component. The results support the existence of unrecognized subperitoneal and microscopic surface endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure.

This report is one phase of a longitudinal prospective study on the behavioral teratology of alcohol. The present study evaluated the effect of early prenatal alcohol exposure (assessed during pregnancy) on reaction time, attention and distraction in 475 young school-age children who took a computerized CPT vigilance task. Multiple regression analyses were adjusted for a variety of co-variates including other exposures, postnatal conditions and demographics. Prenatal alcohol exposure was most significantly related to CPT errors of commission, reaction time, and the vigilance errors summary score. Error scores on the vigilance task were also significantly correlated with independent behavior ratings of endurance, persistence, organization, distractibility and impulsivity. This study supports and extends earlier reports of alcohol-related attentional deficits observable in the neonatal period and in the preschool years.

Attention↗
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[Kidney transplant].

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Adolescent↗
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Interactive effects of chronic maternal ethanol and nicotine exposure upon offspring development and function.

Nicotine injections (3.0 mg/kg twice daily), oral alcohol (10% solution), nicotine and alcohol, or saline injections were administered to gravid Sprague-Dawley rats for the entire gestational period. Food intake was adjusted so that all rats received the same number of calories on each day of pregnancy. Offspring performance was monitored from birth to 15 months of age. An interaction was found in which the combined effect of nicotine and alcohol was greater than would have been predicted from the effects of either drug along. NIC/ALC offspring were born later, and suffered more stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Surviving NIC/ALC offspring were more advanced on some developmental measures, more active neonatally and less active in adulthood. Initially, they were able to discriminate contingencies less well in a punishment paradigm, initiated fewer shock-on periods and received fewer reinforcements. Possible mechanisms for the drug interaction effects are discussed.

Animals↗