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Biomedical subjects

D Bratthall

Publications and source records attributed to D Bratthall.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Quality evaluation of anterior restorations in private practice.

As part of a series of postgraduate courses in Cariology for dentists, a section designed to stimulate the interest in quality evaluation of fillings was included. Thus, 75 private practitioners were asked to evaluate a number of anterior restorations on their own patients. The method used was a modification of the California Dental Association (CDA) quality evaluation system. By use of a four-graded scale the following five properties were evaluated: (1) color of the filling, (2) color of the margin, (3) surface structure and anatomic form, (4) marginal integrity, and (5) caries. The criteria were related to practical-clinical measurements. Altogether 1147 fillings were assessed, most of them 2-4 years old (n = 949). The results showed that 25 different brands had been used, of which 4 composites constituted 68% of all fillings. With the exception for one composite material, no obvious difference in the quality evaluation between the materials was observed. Of the 2-4 year old fillings, approximately every fourth was rated as "not acceptable", i.e. with need for clinical treatment "soon" or "within reasonable time". Our impression was that the system used in this study is suitable for an assessment of the quality of anterior fillings in a private practice and that it should stimulate dentists to a quality thinking in dentistry in general.

Color↗
PubMed1988

N-acetylcysteine added to saliva does not affect IgA concentration or the agglutination of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo were mixed with parotid or whole saliva to a final concentration of 0.004-10 mg/ml saliva. Placebo and NAC-containing parotid saliva had the same bacterial agglutinating capacity for 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in whole saliva, using ELISA and single radial immunodiffusion assays, did not reveal any differences between NAC and placebo-treated samples. NAC did not affect the immunoelectrophoretic pattern of IgA.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a preventive program on dental caries and mutans streptococci in Polish schoolchildren.

The effect of a preventive program was studied in Polish schoolchildren. The study was carried out in a group of 133 children, aged 10-12 yr, divided into a test and a control group. Children in the test group were initially treated with temporary restorations and were then given oral health education and preventive treatment by a specially trained chairside assistant. The preventive treatment included prophylaxis and topical fluoride treatment and was carried out at least 10 times a year. The mean 3-yr DFS increment was 1.7 in the test and 10.9 in the control group. The salivary counts of mutans streptococci were similar in test and control group at baseline and after 1 and 2 yr. At the examination after 3 yr, a difference was established between the two groups.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Oral health and factors related to oral health in Polish schoolchildren.

The oral health and factors related to oral health were surveyed in 168 schoolchildren, aged 10-12 years, attending one school in Warsaw. The children were examined for dental caries and gingival status, dental plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts. An interview on dietary habits and use of fluoridated toothpaste was also performed. The results showed a mean DMFT of 4.7 in the sample. Gingival Index 1 and Plaque Index 3 were median scores for the majority of the children. S. mutans was demonstrated in 94% of the children and high numbers were found in 15%. Lactobacillus sp. were present in all examined children, with high counts in 56% of the subjects. The interview revealed that most of the children eat five or six times per day and consume candies or cakes each day. Fluoridated toothpaste was not used regularly by any of the children. In conclusion this study shows a high prevalence of dental disease and an unfavorable combination of etiologic factors.

Child↗
PubMed1987

A 30-month longitudinal study of the effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutans and approximal dental caries.

The effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutants and approximal dental caries were evaluated. One hundred and eighty-seven 13-year-old individuals with high levels of salivary S. mutans (greater than 10(6)/mL) were selected. They were randomly distributed into three groups. Group I initially received professional mechanical tooth-cleaning, tongue-scraping, chlorhexidine treatment, and oral hygiene instructions concentrated on the approximal surfaces most colonized by S. mutans. The treatment was given four times with intervals of two days, followed by one single treatment every six months throughout the experimental period. The initial treatment period for group II, also consisting of four visits, included the same oral hygiene instructions as for group I. The instructions were repeated every six months. Group III was maintained in the preventive program provided by the local Dental Health Office, based on mechanical plaque control and topical use of fluorides and chlorhexidine at individualized intervals. Group I showed a significant immediate reduction of S. mutans in saliva as well as an approximal tooth surfaces. After six months, there were no differences among the three groups regarding these variables. Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction of S. mutans in all groups. There was no significant difference in caries progression among the three groups. However, the selected "high-risk" individuals in group I developed 0.25 new manifest caries lesions approximally/year, compared with 0.27 for all children of the same age group in the area. Seventeen individuals had approximal surfaces with consistently high or consistently low S. mutans levels. Forty-six percent of the surfaces with high values developed new or progressive caries, compared with 2% of the surfaces with low values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in urban and rural schoolchildren in Thailand.

Two groups of Thai schoolchildren aged 11-13 yr were examined for dental caries, dental fluorosis and Streptococcus mutans. One hundred children lived in an urban district, Bangkok, and 71 children in a rural district, Petchaboon. Saliva samples were analyzed for S. mutans by the spatula method. The fluoride content of the drinking waters was also determined. The prevalence of caries, diagnosed according to WHO, was 89% in Bangkok and 18% in the rural district. Mean DMFT was 3.46 and 0.38 respectively. S. mutans was found in 98% of the urban children and in 82% of the rural. The differences in distribution between S. mutans and DMFT classes were statistically significant for the total sample. Mild fluorosis was present in some of the rural children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Caries prevalence, salivary Streptococcus mutans and dietary scores in 13-year-old Swedish schoolchildren.

388 13-yr-old schoolchildren from Karlstad, Sweden, participated. Dental caries experience was expressed as number of decayed (D) and filled (F) tooth surfaces (S), and registered on bite-wing radiographs and obtained from records. Salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were determined by a spatula method. A dietary score was calculated for each individual based on an interview concerning the intake frequency of 23 sugar-containing products. Significantly lower DFS values were found in the group with no detectable S. mutans compared to three of the four groups with salivary S. mutans (P less than 0.01). No differences were found between the DFS values of individuals with high, moderate or low dietary scores. There was no statistically significant association between dietary scores and levels of S. mutans. Among the children with no detectable S. mutans, there were higher DFS-values with increasing intake frequency. No relationship between initial caries lesions, S. mutans and diet was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The relationship between the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the saliva and dental caries in children in Mozambique.

Four hundred and sixty-two children, aged 10-14 years, from eight areas were examined for Streptococcus mutans in saliva and for dental caries. Strep. mutans strains from some samples were further characterized by serological and biochemical methods. Strep. mutans was identified in 98 per cent of the children and 40 per cent showed high counts. Serotypes c and d dominated among the strains. The distribution of Strep. mutans among the children varied between the eight areas but was not correlated with the difference in caries prevalence which ranged from 38 to 88 per cent. In individual children, however, there was an association between high counts of Strep. mutans and the presence of dental caries. Thus, Strep. mutans can be widely distributed and occurs in high numbers in a population with a low prevalence of caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ups and downs for salivary IgA.

IgA levels in saliva differed 15-fold between different individuals. The correlation between IgA in repeated stimulated saliva samples was good in both a short and a 2-yr period. The correlation between resting and stimulated samples was low, in particular when output of IgA over time was considered. Physical exercise affected salivary protein concentrations and also percentage of IgA to protein. The elevated IgA levels in saliva at pregnancy were not accompanied by a similar change of IgA activity against specific bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The more Streptococcus mutans, the more caries on approximal surfaces.

The relationship between the presence of Streptococcus mutans and caries on approximal tooth surfaces was studied in a group of 28 children who were 13 years old at baseline. 700 surfaces in the pre-molar and molar region were studied. Sampling of S. mutans was performed with a toothpick method at the beginning of the study and after one and two years. From bite-wing radiographs, the approximal surfaces were recorded as caries-free, decayed, or restored. Progression of lesions during the two years was also studied. More new caries lesions and progression caries lesions were found on surfaces positive for S. mutans than on surfaces without, and the more S. mutans, the more lesions, 52% of the surfaces with positive S. mutans findings at all three sampling occasions became carious or had caries in a progressive form. Among the surfaces with no detectable S. mutans, the corresponding figure was 8%. 80 out of the 530 surfaces diagnosed as intact at the start of the study became carious over the two-year period. 69 of these were S. mutans-positive at the first and/or second sampling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Secretory and serum antibodies against Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in relation to ingestion of fermented milk products.

Serum, saliva, and urine were analyzed for the presence of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies reactive with the yoghurt bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. A comparison was made between four subjects who frequently ate yoghurt and four subjects who never ate yoghurt. Salivary IgA and serum IgG activity against the milk-fermenting bacterium S. lactis was studied in five other subjects before, during, and after a period of ingestion of a fermented milk product, filmjölk. All analyses were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Antibody activity against the yoghurt bacteria was found in saliva, serum, and urine. No difference in antibody activity between yoghurt eaters and non-yoghurt eaters was measured for salivary IgA, but for serum IgG a lower activity against S. thermophilus was present among the yoghurt eaters. Antibody activity against S. lactis was present already before the ingestion of filmjölk began, and the activity was not altered during the period of ingestion. It is concluded that in adult subjects, the ingestion of milk-fermenting bacteria does not result in a significant change in the antibody activity against these bacteria.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗