Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Beyer.
A case of duplication of the entire colon, in which the supernumerary colon had no communication with the small intestine, is presented and illustrated. After review of the literature the special clinical and radiologic problems of these intestinal duplications are discussed.
The present work evaluates the method of double-contrast arthrography. To this end, cartilage damage on femoral condyles and tibial joint surfaces was studied in 1566 retrospectively evaluated double-contrast arthrographies. Operation reports and histological results served as control. The results of our own experiments demonstrate that even isolated cartilage lesions as small as 1 mm in diameter can be visualized.
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Provided examination conditions are optimal, we are now able to detect changes of the wall of the colon from about 5 mm diameter upwards and thus to further clarify the diagnosis and to initiate appropriate treatment. Hence, the demand for early or timely diagnosis can be met by means of x-ray diagnosis in respect of processes of the colon.
The wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from normal variants over early posttraumatic swelling to Hoffa's classical syndrome with hypertrophy of the fat pad can be demonstrated in double-contrast arthrography with high reliability, demonstrated after review of 1566 arthrographies in comparison with results of surgery and histology. Following post-mortem studies in 50 knee joints statements are made about normal size and shape, physiological variants and pathological enlargement of Hoffa's fat pad in arthrography. Since post-traumatic changes of menisci, cartilage and Hoffa body often cannot be differentiated by clinical examination, double-contrast arthrography should be performed routinely before surgery, since this technique provides the surgeon with a maximum of preoperative information about the internal structures of the knee joint and may modify the planned surgical procedure considerably.
Find needle biopsy of tumours of the lung and mediastinum represents an accurate method which can be performed pain-free and rapidly without undue effort and cost. It can be repeated at any desired time. Absolute contraindications are very rare. This method can be applied also in outpatients, provided certain precautions are observed. In many cases, it eliminates the far greater risk of exploratory thoracotomy. Both peripheral and central lung tumours, including mediastinal tumours, can be identified and differentiated. More than nine out of ten bronchial carcinomas are clearly identified. In 60--70% of all punctures, the pathologist is successful in accurately establishing the type of cell involved. As far as the patient himself is concerned, the method hardly involves any pain and does not cause much discomfort. A frequent complication is the usually asymptomatic pneumothorax, which occurs in less than 30% of all punctures. In a few rare cases, suction drainage will be necessary. Generally speaking, and in all other respects, fine needle biopsy is a low-risk procedure.
Roentgen-guided fine needle puncture of space-occupying renal lesions as an important additive radiologic procedure is able to solve differential diagnostic problems of liquid or solid renal lesions in a quick, accurate and safey way. It rules out a solid neoplasm, provides the surgeon with a maximum of preoperative information and helps to avoid operations on aged and other poor-risk patients. After description of the puncture technique we report the result of 217 fine needle punctures of the kidney over 13 years.
Percutaneous translumbar pyelography is indicated when excretory has failed to demonstrate the cause or site of obstructive uropathy and retrograde pyelography is impossible, undesirable or contraindicated. Under prophylactic treatment with antibiotics translumbar antegrade pyelography is safe, simple and accurate and in selected cases the only diagnostic method to establish exact diagnosis without which appropriate therapy cannot be planned. The method is described and the results of 30 percutaneous translumbar pyelographies obtained from 2603 angiographies over 12 years are reported.
The retrorectal space was measured on the lateral view of the rectum during double contrast barium enema examination in 300 patients in whom no abnormality of the rectum, sacrum or in the true pelvis was demonstrated clinically or radiographically. The measurement obtained is the distance between posterior wall of the rectum and the anterior surface of the sacrum between S2 and S5. The measurements at S5 are considered most accurate, since at this level the rectum will be positively in midline. The normal width at S5 is between 0.2 and 1.5 cm. In connection with other symptoms, a distance between 1.5 and 2 cm should be regarded as suspicious and above 1 cm as definitely abnormal, as was demonstrated in 95 cases with diffuse and localized enlargement of the retrorectal space. An abnormal measurement of greater than 2 cm however is an unspecific symptom and should not by itself be considered indicative of specific pathology, but rather should lend supporting evidence to other abnormal findings in the true pelvis.
Cystography by double-contrast-technique as a simple and quick method of evaluating benign and malignant lesions of the urinary bladder is being described. 301 examinations were reviewed and are being discussed in regard to diagnostic value, indication, complication and radiation exposure of this method. A few typical cases are being demonstrated to illustrate the value of this method in the spectrum of other diagnostic methods in the work-up of urinary bladder lesions.
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Renal cyst puncture as an important, additive radiologic technique is able to solve differential diagnostic problems of avascular, space-occupying renal lesions in a quick, accurate, and safe way. Renal cyst puncture rules out a solid neoplasm and provides the surgeon with a maximum of preoperative information. Through its use unnecessary operations on aged and poor-risk patients can be avoided. The method is described, and the results of 185 finegauge needle punctures of the kidney obtained from 2329 renal angiographies over 11 years, are reported.
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We determined the positions and arrangements of RNA ligands within the ribosome with a new neutron-scattering technique, the proton-spin contrast-variation. Two tRNAs were bound to the ribosome in the pre-translocational and the post-translocational state. The mass centre of gravity of both tRNAs resides at the subunit interface of the body of the 30S subunit. Both tRNAs are separated by an angle of 50-55 degrees, and their mutual arrangement does not change during translocation. The mass centre of gravity moves by 13 +/- 3 A (1A = 0.1 nm) during translocation, corresponding well with the length of one codon. Using an RNase-digestion technique, the length of the mRNA sequence covered by the ribosome was determined to be 39 +/- 3 nucleotides before and after translocation. The ribosome moves like a rigid frame along the mRNA during translocation. In contrast, both tRNAs seem to be located on a movable ribosomal domain, which carries the tRNAs before, during, and after translocation, leaving the microtopography of the tRNAs with the ribosome unaltered. This conclusion was derived from an analysis of the contract patterns of thioated tRNAs on the ribosome. The results have led to a new model of the elongation cycle, which reinterprets the features of the previous "allosteric three-sites model" in a surprisingly simple fashion. Finally, a mutational analysis has identified a single nucleotide of the 23S rRNA essential for the peptidyltransferase activity.