Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Bennett.
American and British reformers may act as if reducing the number of beds alone reduces human distress or the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric illness. Deinstitutionalization requires a recognition of changed relationships between patients and staff, and between patients and families. Our two cultures have responded differently to questions of where, by whom, and how to treat their mental patients.
An antiserum prepared in rabbits against the C3HeB/FeJ mouse ovarian teratocarcinoma E6496 was absorbed in vivo in C3HeB/FeJ mice. This absored antiserum identified an antigen, denoted TER, that is present on sperm, ova, embryonic germ cells, and cells of the early mouse embryo. TER was absent from all adult somatic cells tested, but found on several murine tumors.
The gross and histological features of multiple bone infection in two foals are described. In both cases the lesions were confined to the region of the growth plate. Bone and, in some cases, growth plate cartilage destruction has occurred associated with an extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The significance of the pathological observation is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of bone infection in the foal.
Mouse decidual cell suspensions from day 6 to day 8 of gestation were prepared by enzymatic treatment with collagenase and trypsin and tested for various membrane markers. (a) Besides H-2 antigens, Thy-1 antigens are present on about 50% of the cells; this may reflect the fibroblastic origin of decidual cells or be a marker expressed on some decidual cells possibly under hormonal control. (b) T or B lymphocytes, as defined by four Lyt antigens or surface immunoglobulins, are not present in significant amounts. (c) A substantial number of cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR) is detectable in the decidua, probably closely connected with trophoblast cells; these FcR-bearing cells may act in preventing excessive invasion of uterine tissue by trophoblast or could contribute to the protection of the embryo by interacting with maternal blocking antibodies and trophoblast. No receptors for for complement were detected, even after 16-20 h in culture after trypsin treatment.
As far as the small animals are concerned, animal husbandry refers to animal welfare and management. There are five main areas of undergraduate instruction in this subject--normal animal behaviour, nutritional requirements, restraint, housing and management in disease. University education, vacational studies and personal experience all provide important sources of knowledge. Most university instruction in small animal welfare and management is provided in the clinical courses where extensive care material can be utilised in practical teaching. Integration of the animal husbandry and clinical courses is to be encouraged.
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The rates of acid production were compared in thin strips of muscle biopsy samples isolated from malignant hyperpyrexia and control vastus internus human muscle. Halothane doubled the rate of acid production by malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible muscle but had no effect on control samples. This increased rate of release of acid from muscle was not from lactate. In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity of both control and malignant hyperpyrexia muscle samples was not stimulated by halothane.
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The clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a natural outbreak of rickets affecting 82 pigs are described. An interesting feature was the presence of gross articular abnormalities including resorption of subchondral bone with folding and ulceration of the articular cartilage. The diet was deficient in calcium and vitamin D. A diagnosis of rickets complicated by nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism was made. The results of treatment and the economics of the outbreak are discussed.
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A new autosomal recessive lethal mutation in the mouse designated cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd) is described. Homozygotes are dwarfed, and have abnormally short trunk, limbs, tail and snout, as well as a protruding tongue and cleft palate. The abdomen is distended because the foreshortened rib cage and spinal column forces the liver ventrad from its normal location. Histological and electron microscopic study reveals a deficiency of cartilage matrix in tracheal cartilage and in all cartilagenous bones examined. The syndrome closely resembles the rare lethal condition achondrogenesis, found in human infants, which is also believed to be due to an autosomal recessive gene.
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Homozygous tW18 embryos die prior to organogenesis. They develop gross abnormalities shortly after primitive streak formation. Anatomically, the lesion appears to be confined to the mesoderm with that tissue showing ultrastructural deficiencies and abnormal migration (Spiegelman & Bennett, 1974), and failing to develop in teratomas produced from mutant embryos (Artzt & Bennett, 1972). Analysis of growth rate by determining cell number increase, and by mapping mitotic activity and planes of cleavage in the epiblast shows that the mutant embryos are small but paradoxically show overall a very high mitotic activity, approximately double that of their normal litter mates. They also show a marked disorientation of the planes of cleavage in most of the epiblast. In pre-primitive streak embryos, before gross abnormality is detectable, two types of embryo can be found. One group constitutes the small embryos which also show the mitotic disturbances characteristic of the later stage mutants. The second group, larger embryos, do not show mitotic abnormalities. The tW18 allele thus seems to act several hours before primitive streak formation. Since there is no difference in the amount of cell between mutant and normal embryos until 6.75 days p.c. it seems that arrest in division is the cause of the elevated mitotic index in mutants. Significantly a small region of the epiblast in mutant embryos is free of the mitotic abnormalities characteristic of the tissue as a whole. This region is the so-called proliferative zone (Snow, 1977) and the data suggest that it may be from this region that some of the ectoderm of the later embryos is produced.
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