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Biomedical subjects

D Baxby

Publications and source records attributed to D Baxby.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of orthopoxviruses isolated from feline infections in Britain.

The biological properties and genomes of orthopoxviruses isolated from cats in Britain were compared with strains of cowpox virus isolated from cows and their handlers. All the isolates tested produced haemorrhagic pocks and A-type inclusions on the CAM, but did not produce pocks above 40 degrees C. Thus the feline isolates behaved as typical strains of cowpox virus. Differences were found in the heat resistance of the virions and in the character of the A-type inclusion which did not correlate with the host from which the viruses were isolated. Analysis of the genomes with a variety of restriction endonucleases showed very close relationship between all the isolates and also failed to separate feline isolates from cowpox virus. However again minor differences, which may prove to be of epidemiological value were detected. We conclude that the orthopoxvirus currently isolated from domestic cats in Britain is cowpox virus and that there is no evidence that a feline variant or subspecies circulates in Britain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Potential use of non-replicating vectors as recombinant vaccines.

Avipoxviruses, members of the Poxvirus family, are naturally restricted in that productive replication takes place only in avian species. Recent work has described the construction of Avipox recombinants using fowlpox and canarypox viruses. Preparation of recombinant fowlpox viruses which express immunogens from avian pathogens and successful vaccination of poultry have been reported. Recombinant fowlpox and canarypox viruses which express immunogens from mammalian pathogens have also been described and have been demonstrated to provide protective immunity on inoculation in non-avian species. This is a surprising result. Such non-replicating expression vectors provide the possibility of developing safe, effective vaccines which combine the advantages of killed and live vaccines.

Fowlpox virus↗
PubMed1991

Smallpox.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1989

Studies on poxvirus infection in cats.

The development of clinical disease and the pathogenesis of cowpox were studied in domestic cats inoculated by a variety of routes. Intradermal titration in two cats demonstrated that as little as five pfu of cowpox virus caused a primary skin lesion. Intradermal inoculation of greater than or equal to 10(5) pfu cowpox virus resulted in severe systemic disease. Large amounts of virus (greater than or equal to 10(3) pfu/g) were isolated from skin lesions and the turbinates of cats killed at eight and 11 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lesser amounts of virus (congruent to 10(2) pfu/g) were isolated from lymphoid tissues and the lung, and small amounts of virus were isolated from various other tissues. A white cell-associated viraemia was detected from 5 dpi onwards. Skin scarification with 10(3) or 50 pfu cowpox virus enabled reproduction of the naturally-acquired disease. Cat-to-cat transmission was demonstrated from cats inoculated by skin scarification, but caused only subclinical infection in sentinel cats. Oronasal inoculation resulted in transient coryza and milder generalized disease than skin inoculation, and no transmission to sentinel cats. Preliminary investigations showed vaccinia virus (Lister strain) to be of low infectivity in cats while inoculation of ectromelia virus (Mill Hill strain) did not cause any clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Recognition and laboratory characteristics of an atypical oocyst of Cryptosporidium.

Feces from some patients with clinically unremarkable cryptosporidiosis contained an unusual variety of oocyst not previously recognized. These atypical oocysts were shown by electron microscopy to have a distinctive three-layered outer coat and, by immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antiserum, to lack an antigen present on the surface of typical oocysts. In contrast to typical oocysts, the atypical variety is very fragile and quickly collapses when suspended in solutions of high osmotic pressure or in lipid solvents. Atypical oocysts cannot be stained by methods used to stain typical oocysts, but their appearance in sucrose-phenol is characteristic. Their stability in this solution, though much less than that of typical oocysts, is sufficient for them to be recognized and for cases to be diagnosed by microscopy. Patients who excreted atypical oocysts never excreted the typical variety. General findings in patients who excreted atypical oocysts were no different from those who excreted typical oocysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ecology of orthopoxviruses and use of recombinant vaccinia vaccines.

Little is known of the ways in which orthopoxviruses are maintained in nature, and the role of wild-life reservoirs requires further investigation. This lack of information is important in view of proposals to use as vaccines recombinant vaccinia viruses which carry genes for other immunising antigens. The possibility that such strains may become established in nature, as vaccinia may have in Indian buffaloes, and/or undergo genetic hybridisation with existing orthopoxviruses should be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Poxvirus infection in the domestic cat: some clinical and epidemiological observations.

The clinical findings from 30 cases of feline poxvirus infection in the UK are reviewed and some epidemiological observations described and discussed. In most cases the clinical signs consisted of skin lesions only, although systemic signs were also occasionally seen. Over half the cats had a history of a single recent lesion, assumed to be primary, on the head, neck or a forelimb. Twenty-nine of 30 cats developed more widespread secondary skin lesions. Cat-to-cat transmission was apparently rare. More cases were recognised in the autumn than at other times of the year. The possibility of a wild mammal reservoir of infection is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The incidence of cryptosporidiosis: a two-year prospective survey in a children's hospital.

A two-year prospective survey of patients with diarrhoea at a children's hospital detected 65 cases of cryptosporidiosis; 56 were index cases representing 1.4% of patients examined. There was a marked seasonal variation with fewer index cases in July-September (0.4-0.6%) than February-April (3-5%). All four adult cases were contacts of infected children and 21 (32%) of the patients were 12 months old or younger. Cryptosporidium was the fourth commonest diagnosed cause of gastroenteritis, the second most common non-viral cause, was responsible for 7.2% of all cases, and 14.7% of non-viral cases where a cause was identified. As such it should be sought routinely in cases of gastroenteritis in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cryptosporidium as a cause of gastro-enteritis in Sudanese children.

Stool samples from 83 Sudanese children with gastro-enteritis were examined using a safranin-methylene blue stain. Five children (6.1%) were excreting cryptosporidium oocysts but no other potential enteropathogens. The clinical features of anorexia, vomiting and pyrexia and the profuse green watery offensive stool were similar to those reported previously. All of the children were dehydrated. None of 37 children studied who did not have gastro-enteritis was excreting oocysts.

Child, Preschool↗