Biomedical subjects

D Baudon

Publications and source records attributed to D Baudon.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Malaria morbidity in a hospital environment in Burkina Faso (West Africa)].

We carried out a study on malaria morbidity from November 1982 to October 1983 in the Pediatric Department of the Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso, West Africa). Malaria fever attacks were present in 21.4% of all febrile cases. The highest rate was observed in the 2-4 age group (42%). We observed 97.4% of all malaria fever attacks during the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season (June to December).

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[Domestic poultry].

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[Fish].

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Animals↗

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[Integration of malaria control in primary health care in rural environment. General considerations].

Only 20 to 40% of the rural populations in Africa south of Sahara have the possibility to benefit from the classical health care. This situation interferes in the campaign against the main endemic diseases. Thus, in the efforts to control malaria, it appears necessary to get the population participation through the development of the primary health care services. Systematic chemotherapy of febrile attacks seems to be the easiest field strategy on a large way. The authors believe that such a strategy is possible through the development of primary health care services within the progressive decentralization of the health service network.

Africa↗

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[Mass chemoprophylaxis of malaria, its objectives, its limits, its difficulties].

In intertropical Africa, insecticide spreadings cannot succeed by themselves in controlling malarial endemia. They cannot provide any eradication, even if they are combined with chemoprophylaxis. On the other hand, mass chemoprophylaxis should provide a control of lethality and morbidity due to malaria. The authors define the mass prophylaxis concept, lay its basic principles and specifically the criteria used to select the available anti-malarial drugs. Then, they stress on the major set-backs such as P. falciparum resistance to amino-4-quinoleine, and drop of immunity in individuals receiving no chemoprophylaxis. Finally, they review the necessary conditions for the achievement of a mass chemoprophylaxis at a wide country level, namely: a determined policy with long term budget allowances, setting up of a specific organization and personnel training, community education at all levels, preliminary epidemiological surveys and strategical schemes suited to the various epidemiological patterns.

Adolescent↗

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[Epidemic of yellow fever in the southeastern region of Upper Volta (October-December, 1983). Epidemiological study. Preliminary results].

An epidemic of yellow fever raged during the last three months of 1983 in South East of Upper Volta. It spread on about ten thousand square kilometers, in a bushy savanna area, affecting only populations living in contact with forest galleries, belonging especially to the peul ethnical group. The transmission of the virus was effected by sylvatic vectors, essentially Aedes furcifer. Serological tests showed that about 50 % of the population living in contact with forest galleries was affected, that is to say 15.000 to 17.500 people. The average death rate on the whole area was 4 % (800 to 1.700 deaths); the lethality rate was estimated between 6 and 10 % of affected people. On the whole, 54 strains of yellow fever virus were isolated from human blood samples, and 26 strains from batches of mosquitoes. We called this epidemic "intermediate sylvatic epidemic". The epidemic quickly decreased in the sylvatic area, owing to climatic conditions. A mass campaign of vaccinations prevented it from spreading to near urban centres. On this particular case, the thermostability on field of the vaccine 17D provided by the Institute Pasteur of Dakar was proved to be effective.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Systematic chemotherapy of febrile attacks: an alternate strategy for the control of malaria in rural areas].

While the socio-economic development has generally improved malaria eradication in towns, this endemic disease remains of deep concern in the field of Public Health in the major part of the Intertropical African country side, despite the use of direct means of control (such as control of both anopheles and parasites, health education ...), of which the efficacy is, however, recognised. This fact is due to the present unfeasibility of the proposed strategies, which is the consequence of some economical, technical, logistic, and human difficulties. The authors suggest the use of a substitute strategy: the routine chemotherapy of feverish attacks by means of chloroquine, as long as either socio-economic development reaches a sufficient level to enforce an effective control of malaria in rural areas, or other reliable means of control are made available (vaccination e.g.). This strategy is able to provide an effective control of malaria death rate curve; it avoids some of the problems related to mass chemoprophylaxis, with a special mention to immunity. Its salient feature consists in its present large-scale operational feasibility within the framework of the Primary Health System.

Africa↗

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[Drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo and in vitro in Brazzaville (Congo)].

Various projects were launched in 1993 to monitor the chemosensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Congo. Resistance of 34 strains in Brazzaville to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine and of 35 to halofantrine was investigated in an in vitro survey using an isotopic micro test. The resistance rates were 61.8, 14.7, 3.0 and 0.0% respectively. Thus, the chemoresistance which first appeared in 1990 is confirmed and is stable in the population. This finding was further confirmed by a parallel in vitro analysis of sensitivity to chloroquine in Brazzaville. A chloroquine monitoring network is now being established throughout the country based on simplified WHO tests of 100 asymptomatic schoolchildren conducted every six months. The first results in 1993, from three Southern regions indicate that parasites are found in 20 to 60% of cases seven days after a standard 3 day treatment with 25 mg/kg, according to the region. The results of in vitro and in vivo tests are very variable. Indeed, the value of such results for these tests for national monitoring is questionable: a more reliable system of identifying true therapeutic failures would be better suited.

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[Epidemiological and control aspects of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in Africa].

Meningococcal meningitis epidemics are a major health problem in sub-saharan Africa where they account for thousands of deaths and cause morbidity in hundreds of thousands of people. Meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis. In Africa, epidemic meningitis is primarily due to strains of serogroup A which are responsible for the largest and most recent epidemics. N. meningitidis serotype 4, serosubtype P1.9, clonal complex III-1 was introduced into Africa in 1987. Since then, epidemics spread through the Lapeyssonnie's meningitis belt to the south. Classically, the 6 months-30 years old age group is the group at highest risk of disease. Nevertheless, in recent epidemics caused by clonal complex III-1, high age-specific attack rate occurred in those aged 30 years and over. The objectives of epidemic control are the reduction of mortality and morbidity. Early detection of an emerging epidemic is based on the observation of an incidence rate above a cutoff value. Recently, the WHO has proposed a cutoff of 15 cases/100,000/week averaged over two weeks. Epidemic investigation must be as rapid as possible after detection. The different steps are: confirmation of the epidemic and the meningococcal aetiology, standard case definition and determination of the high risk population. During epidemics, in developing countries, simplified treatment protocols are justified and a single dose of long-acting chloramphenicol is a useful first-line treatment. The strategy most frequently used for the control of epidemics is mass vaccination after the start of the epidemic. This must be done as quickly as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗