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Biomedical subjects

D Barlow

Publications and source records attributed to D Barlow.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The place of lung 99mTc DTPA aerosol transfer in the investigation of lung infections in HIV positive patients.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common cause of pneumonia in HIV antibody positive patients, but other pneumonias remain important, i.e. streptococcal and mycobacterial infections. A definitive diagnosis relies on obtaining samples from the lung either noninvasively (induced sputum), or invasively (bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial or open lung biopsy). We have used the noninvasive technique of nebulized 99mTc DTPA transfer, to assess patients with PCP (n = 30) and other lung infections (n = 20) to see whether this test will distinguish between the various infections. The presence of a biphasic, rapid transfer curve indicates severe extensive alveolar damage and is seen in PCP or legionella pneumonia. The mean transfer time (T50 +/- SEM) for patients with PCP (whether smokers or nonsmokers) was 2.1 +/- 0.2 min, and for two of the patients with legionella 3.2 min. In PCP effective treatment causes the transfer to slow (mean T50 22.7 +/- 3.3 min, n = 24) and become monoexponential. Other causes of these changes in transfer are discussed. The other pneumonias (streptococcal, mycobacterial, and staphylococcal) did not result in biphasic curves or very rapid times, their T50 values are indistinguishable from cigarette smokers. In this patient group the DTPA transfer is a useful noninvasive investigation with a very rapid, biphasic curve indicating a high probability of PCP.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differences in relative efficiency of nebulisers for pentamidine administration.

The study compared the pulmonary deposition of nebulised pentamidine when inhaled by way of different nebuliser systems by nine human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive patients with a history of previous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine, 50 mg or 300 mg, mixed with technetium-99m-labelled human serum albumin in a total volume of 3 ml, was administered by way of three jet nebulisers (System 22', 'System 22 Mizer', and 'Respigard II') operated with a gas flow of 6 l/min, and one ultrasound nebuliser ('Pulmosonic'). Pulmonary and non-pulmonary isotope deposition was measured for each apparatus and adverse effects and lung function tests were recorded. For both doses of pentamidine, the system 22 mizer produced the largest pulmonary isotope deposition and it was completed in the shortest time. Oropharyngeal and gastric deposition were least with the respigard II, which also caused the fewest adverse effects. The adverse effects were greatest with the system 22 mizer and pulmosonic and the higher pentamidine dose, which also caused significant reductions in measurements of pulmonary function. It is concluded that either the system 22 mizer or the respigard II should be used to administer nebulised pentamidine.

Amidines↗
PubMed1987

Alveolar permeability in HIV antibody positive patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Pulmonary permeability was assessed using the technique of 99mTc (technetium-99m) diethylene triamene pentacetic acid (DTPA) aerosol transfer in 10 patients who had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and were non-smokers and in 20 HIV antibody positive smokers. Five patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) proved by transbronchial lung biopsy; four were non-smokers and one a smoker. Two findings emerged: patients with PCP had greater epithelial permeability than non-smokers and smokers; and the permeability curves were monophasic in smokers and non-smokers, but biphasic in patients with PCP. The biphasic curve observed is indicative of diffuse alveolar damage and might be useful to predict PCP in patients with antibodies to HIV who have normal chest radiographs. As the study was of only five patients with PCP, however, further studies are necessary to confirm this observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Linkage of genes for laminin B1 and B2 subunits on chromosome 1 in mouse.

We have used cDNA clones for the B1 and B2 subunits of laminin to find restriction fragment length DNA polymorphisms for the genes encoding these polypeptides in the mouse. Three alleles were found for LamB2 and two for LamB1 among the inbred mouse strains. The segregation of these polymorphisms among recombinant inbred strains showed that these genes are tightly linked in the central region of mouse Chromosome 1 between Sas-1 and Ly-m22, 7.4 +/- 3.2 cM distal to the Pep-3 locus. There is no evidence in the mouse for pseudogenes for these proteins.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Chromosomal assignments of the genes coding for human types II, III, and IV collagen: a dispersed gene family.

The human type II collagen gene, COL2A1, has been assigned to chromosome 12, the type III gene, COL3A1, to chromosome 2, and one of the type IV genes, COL4A1, to chromosome 13. These assignments were made by using cloned genes as probes on Southern blots of DNA from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrids. The two genes of type I collagen, COL1A1 and COL2A1, have been mapped previously to chromosomes 17 and 7, respectively. This family of conserved genes seems therefore to be dispersed throughout the genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Butoconazole and miconazole in treating vaginal candidiasis.

In a single blind trial, a three day course of butoconazole nitrate cream was compared with a seven day course of miconazole nitrate cream, both applied intravaginally, in treating vaginal candidiasis. They were equally effective. The cure rate for patients treated with butoconazole was 82.8% at the first follow up (a mean of 18.4 days from the beginning of the treatment) and 76.7% at second follow up (a mean of 40.4 days). Cure rates for patients treated with miconazole were 84.4% and 75.8% respectively. The differences between these cure rates were not significant.

Adult↗