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Biomedical subjects

D Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to D Bailey.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Psychological deviance in children attending general practice.

Parental questionnaires identified 22% of children aged 7-12 years attending 8 general practices as psychologically deviant. Most attended for physical complaints. A comparison with general population rates showed that deviant children were over-represented among surgery attenders, particularly in the more socially advantaged areas. This finding may be explained through an excess of somatic symptoms in deviant children; increased parental concern about the child's health as an extension of concern about his behaviour; family stress. These possibilities are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Production of a monoclonal antibody specific for seminomas and dysgerminomas.

A monoclonal antibody (M2A, IgG2a) was produced against a cultured human ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line, HEY. Monoclonal antibody M2A reacted with a glycoprotein of molecular weight 40,000 on the surface of HEY cells. The affinity constant of the monoclonal antibody M2A for HEY cells was 10(9) M-1, and the number of binding sites on HEY cells was 2 X 10(4) per cell. The monoclonal antibody produced positive immunoperoxidase staining of fetal (but not adult) testis and of seminomas and dysgerminomas but did not stain various normal adult tissues or other gonadal or extragonadal tumors. Monoclonal antibody M2A may be useful for confirming a histological diagnosis of seminoma and dysgerminoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Distinct keratin patterns demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining of adenocarcinomas, carcinoids, and mesotheliomas using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-keratin antibodies.

The authors assessed whether distinct patterns for keratin could be demonstrated in 10 adenocarcinomas, 10 carcinoids, and 4 mesotheliomas by an immunoperoxidase reaction using 3 polyclonal and 3 monoclonal antibodies to keratin. When color development in diaminobenzidine (DAB) was allowed to proceed for less than 2 minutes, distinct patterns for keratin could be demonstrated using two polyclonal and two monoclonal antibodies; these were plasma membrane and/or web-like in the adenocarcinomas, punctate or crescentic in the carcinoids, and perinuclear in the mesotheliomas consisting of tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy using protein A colloidal gold confirmed these results. When color development in DAB was allowed to proceed for more than 2 minutes, only diffuse staining was seen. The distinct patterns of immunostaining for keratin obtained with the shorter color development were helpful in differentiating adenocarcinomas, carcinoids, and mesotheliomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Children with psychiatric disorders in primary care.

A substantial minority (23%) of children between 7 and 12 years of age attending general practice were found to have psychiatric disorders. Disturbance was slightly more frequent in girls than in boys, and emotional disorder was the most common diagnosis. Psychiatric disorder was associated with psychological disadvantage (broken homes, the child had lived away from the family, family history of psychiatric disorder) and with current high levels of parental stress in relation to their children. Disturbed children tended to present with symptoms of anxiety, bed-wetting, hayfever, nosebleeds or scabies. Amongst a subsample of children consulting in general practice, psychiatric disorder may be a relevant factor contributing to somatic consultation.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sex, age, number of bronchoalveolar lavages and quantitation methods on the bronchoalveolar cell counts in rats.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sex, age, number of bronchoalveolar lavages and method of quantitation on the number of bronchoalveolar cells in rats. Forty Long Evans rats were divided into four age-sex subgroups of ten animals each. Nine consecutive bronchoalveolar lavages were done in every rat and the number of bronchoalveolar cells/mL in lavages 1-3 (L1), 4-6 (L2) and 7-9 (L3) were determined by hemocytometer and electronic cell counts (Coulter Counter). The sex or age of the rats did not show a significant effect (p less than 0.05) in the number of bronchoalveolar cells recovered from the lungs; however, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the number of cells/mL among lavages 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 (L1 approximately equal to L2 greater than L3). A discrepancy of approximately 8% in the counts of bronchoalveolar cells was found between the hemocytometer and the Coulter Counter; however, these two methods of cell quantitation showed a significant (p less than 0.01) positive correlation (r = 0.89). No significant (p greater than 0.05) differences were found in the percentage of fluid recovery (overall mean = 94.5%) among lavages L1, L2 and L3. It was concluded that the electronic cell counting of bronchoalveolar cells is as reliable as manual counting. Although sex or age did not significantly affect the number of cells recovered from the lung, caution should be used in the number of lavages done per rat since this variable may significantly affect the results.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Structural and biochemical differentiation of the guinea-pig colon during foetal development.

We have studied some aspects of the morphological and biochemical differentiation of the foetal guinea-pig colonic epithelium. At day 40 the epithelium was organised in ridges and appeared pseudo-stratified. Folding of the epithelium, followed by villus formation, occurred between days 45 and 55, and by day 50 mucus-secreting goblet cells appeared at the bases of the colonic villi. By day 55 most epithelial cells, including goblet cells, possessed numerous microvilli which, by day 65, had become organised into well developed brush-borders. Between day 55 and term (day 65-68) mucosal depth increased markedly and the colon attained its final glandular morphology. Biochemical studies showed the specific activities of the microvillar hydrolases to be much lower in the washed colon than in either foetal meconium or small intestine at all times during development. Furthermore, a membrane fraction highly enriched in microvillus hydrolase activities was prepared from foetal colonic meconium using techniques originally devised to isolate the foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane. This meconial subfraction was almost identical in polypeptide composition to the highly-purified foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane. Identification of the colonic microvillus membrane was hampered by the absence of reliable membrane markers. Nevertheless, a fraction 14-fold enriched in aminopeptidase activity was prepared from day 40 foetal colon and its polypeptide composition compared by SDS-PAGE to that of the small intestinal microvillus membrane at the same age.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical staining of macrophages in the skin lesions of leprosy: the role of antibody to mycobacteria in human serum and various polyclonal immune rabbit antisera.

Immunohistochemical staining of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy skin lesions was performed using various rabbit antisera. Macrophages in both stained with serum containing antibodies against lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, while macrophages in lepromatous leprosy also reacted with other antibodies. An immunoglobulin fraction of positive serum stained following pepsin digestion, indicating that reactivity was not Fc dependent. Positive serum contained antibody against Mycobacterium butyricum, which caused macrophage staining, since affinity-purified antibody did not stain and absorption with M. butyricum removed staining. Staining was also produced by serum of subjects with leprosy or a positive tuberculin test. By immunoblotting, the anti-mycobacterial antibody was directed against surface components of M. butyricum of molecular weights 20 000-70 000. Electron microscopy showed M. leprae in phagolysosomes of macrophages, while immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated labelling along bacterial cell membranes. Therefore, macrophages in lepromatous leprosy skin lesions stain because they contain M. leprae, which reacts with antibody to either M. leprae, M. tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria in human serum and with antibody to M. butyricum in serum from rabbits immunized with various antigens and Freund's complete adjuvant. These results indicate that immunohistochemical studies on leprosy are misleading if performed using intact polyclonal immune sera rather than affinity purified or monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of surgically resected and heterotransplanted Wilms' tumor.

Nine surgically resected Wilms' tumors (WIT) and nude mouse heterotransplants from one WIT were studied by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Histochemistry showed acid phosphatase in all cells, while alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were present in only some tubules. Using immunohistochemistry, antibodies to the intermediate filaments cytokeratin and vimentin distinguished tubular epithelium and mesenchyme, respectively. WIT tubules were also identified using antibody against a structural component (epithelial membrane antigen) and a secretory product (uromucoid) associated with distal convoluted tubules of normal kidney. Basement membrane surrounding the tubules of WIT was demonstrated using antibody to type IV collagen plus laminin. Different blastema subpopulations were negative or stained positively with antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin. Production of basement membrane by blastema was also shown. Fetal antigen expression in WIT was examined using the monoclonal PI 153/3 and J5 antibodies. The blastema and tubules of WIT were strongly stained by PI 153/3, which did not label normal adult kidney, and weakly stained by J5, which strongly labeled glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules of normal kidney. These studies show that WIT blastema is heterogeneous in intermediate filament subtypes, while WIT tubules more closely resemble distal than proximal convoluted tubules of adult kidneys but also retain expression of fetal antigens.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Possible origin from a mediastinal germ cell tumor.

The case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia developing shortly after the diagnosis and treatment of a mediastinal germ cell tumor, is reported. The close temporal relationship of these two rare diseases and the presence of a population of mononuclear cells with features of lymphoblasts in the resected germ cell tumor, suggest that the leukemic process originated from the mediastinal tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The value of immunohistochemistry in increasing diagnostic precision of undifferentiated tumours by the surgical pathologist.

The availability of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies allows immunohistochemical staining (immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase) procedures to be used by the surgical pathologist, so as to obtain a definite diagnosis in cases where light microscopic examination of tissue sections from biopsy and surgical specimens in inconclusive. Four cases of undifferentiated tumours are described in which only a differential diagnosis could be obtained using light microscopy but a definite diagnosis was achieved when additional information was provided by immunohistochemistry. A scheme is presented for the use of immunohistochemistry to increase diagnostic precision in assessing tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Results of salvage surgery following radical radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma.

The results of management of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx are reported. All patients were initially treated by radical radiotherapy. Glottic tumours responded well, while supra- and sub-glottic tumours did not show good response. All radiation failures and recurrences were managed by total laryngectomy. Post-operative survival periods of five years or longer were recorded in 57 per cent of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Environmental factors in the etiology of endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs in tropical Africa.

The environmental factors including geography, geology and soil have been reviewed in areas of high prevalence of non-filariasis endemic elephantiasis surveyed in tropical Africa. These areas occur at altitudes above 1000 m where rainfall is seasonal and exceeds 1000 mm annually. The soil is a red clay, very slippery when wet and very adhesive if allowed to dry on the skin. These are also areas of past or present alkalic volcanism, the prevalence being highest in proximity to the volcanoes. The derived soils are notable for the high proportion of alumino-silicate particles of colloid size in the clays. The significance of these findings suggests that the number and small size of the clays. The significance of these findings suggests that the number and small size of the particles facilitates entry through the skin into the lymphatic tissues, where they exert the known irritant and fibrosing effects of silica and alumina.

Africa↗
PubMed1983

The cellular content of non Hodgkin lymphomas: a comprehensive analysis using monoclonal antibodies and other surface marker techniques.

Five samples of tonsil, 10 reactive lymph nodes and 65 consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were evaluated in suspension phenotyping with the monoclonal antibodies alpha Leu-I, alpha Leu-2a, alpha Leu-3a, OKT1, OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, W6/32, 26/114, DA-2, 2DI, J5, AN51 and OKT9 together with conventional surface marking by rosetting (E, Fc gamma, Fc mu, C3b, C3d) and staining for surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (SIg, CyIg) heavy and light chain classes. The results confirm the reproductability and specificity of staining with monoclonal antibodies against T cells and T cells subsets. Evidence is presented for reactivity of alpha Leu-I antibody with SIg positive and Ia positive cells in some lymphomas (centroblastic centrocytic, lymphocytic and immunoblastic), and 2 cases showed evidence of marking with OKT3 on SIg positive cells in T cell predominant immunoblastic lymphoma. Lymphoblastic lymphomas of T cell type expressed the marker OKT6. On the basis of these results criteria for the diagnosis of T cell lymphoma are suggested. The monoclonal antibody J5, reactive with C-ALL antigen, showed variable positivity, occasionally strong in B cells in cases of centroblastic and centrocytic follicular lymphoma. Proportions of cells staining with the monoclonal antibody OKT9 showed a correlation between levels of cellular expression of transferrin (trf) receptor and the histological grade of malignancy, OKT9+ cells being elevated in high grade lymphomas, and in some cases of transforming lymphoma of low grade histological class. These results are discussed and indicate the advantage of employing a wide range of defined monoclonal reagents in the phenotypic evaluation of NHL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Mouse genes influence antiviral action of interferon in vivo.

BALB/c mice are more sensitive to the antiviral effect of interferon than C57BL/6 mice, as demonstrated by experiments involving protection against lethal infection with encephalomyocarditis virus. This greater sensitivity of the BALB/c genotype to interferon action is in accord with previous observations that the bone marrow-derived erythroid precursors and macrophages of BALB/c mice are more sensitive to the anti-proliferative action of interferon than those of C57BL/6 mice. An analysis of the loci involved in the modulation of the activity of interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus infection was carried out in (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 progeny and in six recombinant inbred lines originally derived from a BALB/c x C57BL/6 cross. The antiviral effect of exogenous interferon in the F1 progeny was comparable to the effect in BALB/c mice, indicating dominance of the greater sensitivity to interferon action. The results obtained with the six recombinant inbred lines suggested a multifactorial influence. In vitro, interferon pretreatment of encephalomyocarditis virus-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 fibroblast cultures did not reveal a difference in sensitivity between the two mouse genotypes. This finding demonstrates that it is not always possible to extrapolate from in vitro to in vivo when sensitivity to interferon action is studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Osteopetrosis of the temporal bone.

Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disorder of bone development. We examined the right temporal bone of a 17-year-old boy with recessive osteopetrosis and a conductive hearing loss and describe the histopathologic characteristics. The conductive deafness in this case was caused primarily by recurrent otitis media.

Adolescent↗