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Biomedical subjects

D Andreani

Publications and source records attributed to D Andreani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The correlation between insulin antibodies and circulating immune complexes in diabetics with and without microangiopathy.

The relationship between immune complexes and insulin antibodies was evaluated in 237 insulin treated subjects with a duration of diabetes of more than 1 year. Ninety-seven diabetics were selected at random (group 1) whereas 140 according to the presence of diabetic microangiopathy (group 2). Immune complexes were evaluated by the solid phase C1q binding test in all patients and by conglutinin radioimmune assay in most of them. Insulin antibodies were determined by Christiansen's and Anderson's methods. Immune complexes as detected by the solid phase C1q method were found increased in group 1 and there was an inverse correlation between these complexes and insulin antibody levels. In group 2 patients with microangiopathy the amount of this kind of complex was significantly greater than in those without microvascular lesions and there was no correlation with insulin antibodies. Immune complexes as detected by conglutinin were found increased in group 2 patients and these were significantly correlated with the level of insulin antibodies. No increase in these immune complexes was found in patients with microangiopathy when compared with patients without microangiopathy. Insulin antibodies were not correlated with the presence of complications. Overall, immune complexes detected by C1q binding were significantly correlated with the presence of microangiopathy. In patients with high insulin antibody levels the complexes formed were not detected by C1q binding. The immune complexes detected by conglutinin are correlated with insulin antibodies, but not with the presence of microangiopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Plasma levels of glucagon-like polypeptides in gastrectomized patients transformed from Billroth II into Billroth I.

An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been performed in a group of patients with partial gastrectomy before and after transforming the anastomosis from Billroth type II (B II) into Billroth type I (B I). Glucose tolerance was normal in both groups. The statistically significant differences in blood glucose (BG) values observed at 30 min between B I and normals and at 30, 60 and 90 min between B II and normals occur without concomitant changes in insulin (IRI) plasma levels. In the course of the test a marked rise (statistically significant from 30 to 180 min) in glucagon-like immunoreactants (GLI) plasma levels was noted in B II patients and has been attributed to the rapid intestinal transit. Otherwise, the restoration of duodenal passage induced a clear decrease of GLI levels which returned to normal values. Increased immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) plasma levels in B II group do not seem to be due to cross-reactivity with GLI. The raised BG levels occurring in B II cannot be attributed either to a reduced insulin secretion or to an increase in biologically active components of glucagon.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Circulating immune complexes in diabetics with severe microangiopathy: evaluation by two different methods.

An investigation on circulating immune complexes (AgAb) was carried out in 80 diabetics with severe microangiopathy and in 71 diabetics without microvascular lesions. The duration of the disease, the type of diabetes, the type of treatment and the main localization of microangiopathy (retinopathy and nephropathy) were taken into account. AgAb were detected by two different methods: the solid phase Clq binding test (ClqSP) and the conglutinin binding test (KgBt). AgAb detected by ClqSP were increased both in prevalence and quantities in diabetics with severe microangiopathy regardless of the duration of the disease and the type of diabetes. Long standing diabetics without microangiopathy had similar prevalence of AgAb as normal controls. The presence of AGAb was not in correlation with the type of treatment and was similar in diabetics with retinopathy and in those with nephropathy. When AgAb were detected by KgBt, they were found with higher prevalence in diabetics than in normal controls but no correlation with microangiopathy was observed. AgAb, detected by KgBt, were higher in long standing type I diabetics. Since the two methods detect different AgAb it is concluded that AgAb present in diabetics seem to be heterogenous and part of them are related to the presence of microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Impaired phagocytic function and increased immune complexes in diabetics with severe microangiopathy.

An increase in circulating immune complexes (AgAb) of medium size has been observed in diabetics with late complications. This increase may be related either to an increased formation or reduced clearance. Alternatively, both mechanisms may be involved. As medium-sized AgAb determined by the C1q solid phase method are mainly removed from circulation by the fixed phagocytes of the reticulo-endothelial system, we investigated the function of these cells using a colloid clearance test in diabetics with various degrees of microangiopathy. Microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin was injected into 30 diabetic volunteers with severe (group 1), moderate (group 2), and absent (group 3) microangiopathy, and into 40 normal volunteers. The colloid clearance was significantly reduced in diabetics with severe microangiopathy in comparison with patients who had no sign of microangiopathy, or with normal subjects. A significant correlation was found between reduced colloid clearance and increased levels of circulating AgAb determined by C1q solid phase method. Results of this study suggest that the increase in circulating AgAb observed in patients with severe microangiopathy may result from an impaired function of mixed phagocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of allogeneic lymphocyte E-rosettes induced by sera from newly diagnosed type I diabetics.

Sera from 64 juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics (Type I diabetics) and 30 normal subjects were tested for their ability to inhibit sheep red blood cell rosette formation (E-rosette) by normal allogeneic lymphocytes. Inhibition of E-rosette formation by greater than 20% was found with 16 (66%) sera from newly diagnosed patients, 3 (16%) sera from patients with duration of disease between 2 and 12 months and with 4 (18%) sera from diabetics with duration of disease between 1 and 7 years. On the other hand, only 2 (6%) control sera showed inhibitory effect. No relationship between E-rosette inhibition and islet-cell antibodies presence, anti-lymphocyte antibodies occurrence, anti-HLA activity, blood glucose levels, respectively, was found. Investigation of the properties of this inhibitory factor suggests that it is different from other substances that reportedly inhibit E-rosette formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The insulinomas].

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Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1979

Gastric carcinoma associated with severe hypoglycemia sensitive to diazoxide.

A case of carcinoma of the stomach associated with severe hypoglycemia is reported. Diagnosis of insulinoma was excluded on the basis of history as well as laboratory tests. Postmortem examination revealed widespread small metastases to various organs; no metastasis was found in the pancreas; the histology of this gland did not show any pathological finding. No impairment in pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and liver function was detected. Fasting blood sugar ranged from 18 to 56 mg/100 ml. An oral glucose tolerance test showed a diabetic pattern with low insulin. Tolbutamide, glucagon and glucose injected i.v. gave only a moderate rise in plasma insulin levels; plasma glucagon response to arginine was subnormal. The determination of NSILA-s and gastrin in the serum of this patient gave normal values. Diazoxide infusion induced an increase in blood glucose and subsequent treatment with diazoxide relieved hypoglycemia for some months. The occasional detection of an islet cell antibody by immunofluorescence in this case is not easily understandable, but it might partly account for the carbohydrate intolerance. An impairment in gluconeogenesis dependent upon some substrate deficiency might account for the hypoglycemia in this patient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Glucagon and growth hormone secretion in insulin-treated diabetics: effects of added sulfonylureas.

Eleven insulin-dependent ketosis-prone diabetics were given glibenclamide (5 mg/day) in addition to their usual insulin treatment for a period of 1 or 6 mo. There was significant reduction in arginine-induced IRG and hGH secretion and no change in blood glucose levels after either 1 or 6 mo of treatment. During that time no change in weight or insulin requirement was observed. The importance of the duration of treatment and the fact that in this type of patient the effects on IRG and hGH secretion could not be mediated by the influence on insulin secretion are stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Immune complexes and diabetic microangiopathy.

Soluble immune complexes (AgAb) as detected and quantitated by the solid phase Clq assay (Clq-SP) were found to be increased in (a) long-duration diabetics with proliferative retinopathy and (b) short duration diabetics with early onset of retinopathy irrespective of whether they were treated with insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA), in comparison to a normal population. No such increases were observed in diabetics of comparable duration without retinopathy. The trend for long-term diabetics to show an increased prevalence of AgAb according to the severity of retinopathy was statistically significant. Detection and quantitation of AgAb by the Raji cell assay (RAJI) gave comparable results although the differences were less pronounced and fell short of statistical significance. AgAb as detected by either method in insulin-treated diabetics could not be correlated with insulin antibodies. These findings suggest that AgAb, not necessarily comprised of insulin and anti-insulin antibodies, may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Effects of alcohol on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly.

In 3 normal subjects and in 4 acromegalic patients pretreatment with an alcohol infusion for 4 hours at a constant rate reduced the GH response to Arginine, when comparison was made with pretreatment with saline. The reduction in acromegalics was more marked and sustained than in normals. Though it is likely that the effect of alcohol is exerted on hypothalamic centers, a direct influence on the pituitary cannot be excluded.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1976

Alcohol hypoglycemia: hormonal changes.

Changes in hormonal (insulin, glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone), glucose and FFA levels in blood were studied in four young, normal subjects during, and following, alcohol infusion after 12 hours' fasting. Similar studies were made during and after saline infusions in the same subjects after a comparable period of fasting. At the end of the infusions of alcohol or saline an arginine test was performed in order to compare insular and pituitary responses. The same investigations were performed in another three young, healthy subjects after 36 hours' fasting. A chronic alcoholic suffering from hypoglycemia was studied after a 12 hours' fast when he was first seen and again nine months after alcohol withdrawal. The results are in keeping with the hypothesis that alcohol has a priming effect on islet alpha and beta cells when there is no substrate defect. When glycogen stores are exhausted hypoglycemia ensues. An adrenergic reaction supervenes and consequently FFA, cortisol and glucagon rise to high levels. The growth-hormone response to an arginine stimulus was lower after alcohol than after saline in all subjects. In the chronic alcoholic patient the plasma growth-hormone response was initially very poor to all of the stimuli, but after nine months' alcohol withdrawal pituitary activity had returned to normal.

Adult↗