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Biomedical subjects

D A Tyrrell

Publications and source records attributed to D A Tyrrell.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Four compounds active against rhinovirus: comparison in vitro and in volunteers.

Four unrelated compounds active against rhinovirus were compared in tissue culture, and three of them were used in volunteers challenged with rhinovirus. The compounds were the triazino-indole SKF 40491, the substituted oxadiazole GLR9-338, the imidazo-thiazole RP L9326, and the guanidine derivative ICI 73,602. The abilities of these compounds to reduce the yield of rhinovirus types 3, 4, 9, and 31 from HeLa cells or fibroblasts were compared, and a sensitive serotype was chosen for each challenge experiment in humans. In doubleblind studies volunteers received intranasal medication before and after the challenge. Daily scoring of symptoms and titration of virus in nasal washings showed that subjects treated with SKF, GL, and RP all shed less virus than their corresponding placebo groups, significantly so in the cases of GL and RP. Clinical reactions were also less severe in volunteers treated with RP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Changing ideas on antiviral agents for respiratory infection.

Since the early 1950s it has been shown that some nontoxic antiviral substances, given either orally or intransally, can inhibit the growth of respiratory viruses and their clinical effects. The next targets of research are the improvement of present methods of drug administration and the exploration of the possibility of giving drugs in combination. The most potent antiviral agents available should be used to establish whether drugs given when symptoms commence can have a significant effect, i.e., whether antiviral therapy is possible.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1975

Immunogenicity and acceptability of a human diploid-cell culture rabies vaccine in volunteers.

A rabies vaccine, prepared in human diploid-cell culture, was given intradermally (i.d.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) to 35 volumteers who had not previously received prophylactic immunisation. Rabies neutralising antibody titres rose sharply after the first dose, and 4 weeks after the second dose all titres were above 1/80 (1-7 i.u. per ml.). Immunisation via the i.d. and i.m. routes was equally successful in terms of likely immune status, but the i.d. rate was associated with many more local sideeffects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Haemagglutination by avian infectious bronchitis virus-a coronavirus.

The haemagglutinating ability of three strains of IBV was investigated. It was shown that whereas strain Beaudette had no detectable haemagglutinin, both Connecticut and Massachusetts agglutinated red cells of various species. The haemagglutinin of Connecticut was detectable after sucrose gradient purification whereas that of Massachusetts required both the purification step and incubation with the enzyme phospholipase C to reveal it. The agglutination could be inhibited by specific antisera. Some studies on the nature of the red cell receptor, and the possible presence of a receptor destroying enzyme, are reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Coronaviridae.

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Coronaviridae↗
PubMed1975

Circulating antibodies and respiratory virus infections.

Most respiratory viruses infect only the respiratory mucosa and mainly the surface epithelium, and it is therefore plausible that antibody within the circulation is unable to influence them, either by preventing infection or by terminating it once it has started. However there is experimental and observational evidence that some infections are prevented by circulating antibody. This may be because circulating immunoglobulins are released onto the surface possibly because of virus cytopathic effects or hypersensitivity to a viral antigen.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Morphological and virological investigations of cell strains cultured from the brain in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Cell strains were established in culture from fragments of the brain from 2 cases each of Jakob-Creutzfeldt (JC) disease and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). After about 12 weeks strains from the former spontaneously formed persistent heaped up nodules of cells which appeared to produce reticulin-like fibrils as well as confluent sheets of rounded and spindle, fibroblast-like cells. Similar sheets of cells were obtained from the cases of SSPE but the only nodules formed were smaller and ephemeral. Attempts to detect virus in all 4 strains were made by inoculation of supernatant fluids into cultures of other laboratory cells, haemadsorption, co-cultivation, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and testing for interferon production. No evidence was found by any of these methods of the persistent presence of virus in the strains. Immunofluorescence revealed a probable anti-glial cell IgM autoantibody in one case of JC disease. Morphologically some cells resembled astrocytes and others fibroblasts. Those from JC disease contained more vacuoles and redundant membranes than did those from the cases of SSPE, features that are particularly striking in brain cells in human and animal cases of the spongiform encephalopathies.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1975

The growth of some mycobacteria on cultured human tissues.

M. ulcerans grows in close association with the surface of cultured human foetal and adult tissue and produces necrosis. M. tuberculosis grows also but M. xenopi grows little or not at all. The two first named seem to stick well to the tissue surface and the last does not. These results are discussed in relationship to the pathogenesis of Buruli ulcer.

Adipose Tissue↗