Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Wood

Publications and source records attributed to C Wood.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Pregnancies in humans by fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer in the controlled ovulatory cycle.

Normal pregnancies have been established in four women with tubal infertility by fertilization in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer after stimulation of follicular growth with clomiphene citrate. In three of these women the time of oocyte maturation was controlled by human chorionic gonadotropin. This procedure for the control of ovulatory response has many advantages when compared with the previously successful method of using the natural ovulatory cycle.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1981

The collection of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization. I. An instrument for maximizing oocyte recovery rate.

An instrument has been devised specifically for the collection of mature oocytes of laparoscopy for the purpose of in vitro fertilization. The instrument was evaluated and the oocytes recovery rate was compared with that obtained with two other instruments, which had been in use previously, in a controlled trial over the same period of time. It was found that the newly devised instrument resulted in the recovery of all of the oocytes from 17 follicles in which aspiration was attempted. The oocytes recovery rate was significantly better with this instrument than with either of the two instrument previously used. It was also apparent that the finer-bore needle of the two instruments previously used was more effective for oocytes recovery. The new instrument is now in routine use for oocyte collection.

Female↗
PubMed1981

A clinical assessment of nine pregnancies obtained by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

An analysis of nine pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer was made in order to identify factors common to all of the pregnancies. These factors included clomiphene stimulation; general anesthesia for laparoscopy; identification of large follicles (greater than 8 ml) and a mature oocyte; preincubation of the oocyte for 4.7 to 6.5 hours in vitro before insemination; insemination with 0.8 to 1.3 x 10(6) fresh spermatozoa from fertile samples; transfer to the uterus of two-, four-, and eight-cell embryos, 38 to 50 hours after insemination; and uncomplicated uterine transfers of embryos. It was difficult to determine whether these factors are causal or coincidental in the attainment of successful pregnancies. The detailed analysis was useful in demonstrating factors which did not prevent the establishment of pregnancy by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. These factors included a variety of causes of infertility, including idiopathic and male infertility; age of the infertile woman over 35 years; the presence of T-mycoplasma in the genital tract; the use of human chorionic gonadotropin; a variety of agents used for general anesthesia; the use of carbon dioxide to induce pneumoperitoneum; a delay of up to 50 minutes in the interval between the induction of general anesthesia and oocyte recovery; the use of antiprostaglandins at the time of embryo transfer; and a brown discharge from the vagina following embryo transfer.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1981

Impaired beta adrenergic receptor binding and function in cystic fibrosis neutrophils.

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease characterized by abnormalities of exocrine gland and mucociliary function, has recently been shown to be associated with abnormal adrenergic and cholinergic physiologic responses in addition to decreased beta adrenergic-induced cyclic AMP generation in human leukocytes. In this study we have attempted to elucidate the nature of this hyporesponsiveness by assessing beta adrenergic receptor number and affinity (KD) in the intact neutrophil using the antagonist ligand [3H] dihydroalprenolol and cyclic AMP responses to isoproterenol in addition to histamine, and prostaglandin E1 in CF subjects, CF obligate heterozygotes (CFH), and normal control subjects. CF patients had significantly less (p less than 0.025) cyclic AMP stimulation above basals levels with isoproterenol (0.1 microM to 0.1 mM), compared with control values, but no consistent differences between groups were noted with histamine or PGE1. CF neutrophils had significantly fewer (p less than 0.005) beta adrenergic receptors per neutrophil (398.0 +/- 54.2 vs. 819.4 +/- 67.2) compared with control neutrophils, but the KD (0.740 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.630 +/- 0.05 nM) did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05). There was no correlation between clinical severity and either cyclic AMP generation or dihydroalprenolol binding (r = 0.27 and 0.24, respectively, p greater than 0.05). The CFH group had approximately 50% of the cyclic AMP stimulation compared with controls, but the number (909.8 +/- 89.3) and KD (0.710 +/- 0.09 nM) of their beta adrenergic receptors were indistinguishable from control subjects. These findings suggest "down regulation" of the beta receptor in the CF patient. The cause of this remains unknown. Although the etiology of the decreased cyclic AMP responses in CFH was not due to decreased beta adrenergic receptors as assessed by antagonist ligand binding, further studies inthe CFH group to include agonist binding, receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling, intrinsic adenylate cyclase activity, and catecholamine metabolism may help determine the basic cause of beta adrenergic hyperesposiveness in both CFH and CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of protein concentrations and energy in breast milk from preterm and term mothers.

The concentrations of milk specific and plasma proteins were compared in milk from mothers of preterm and term infants. Energy content was also determined. Immunoglobulin A was significantly increased in preterm milk, but there was no difference in the concentration of any other proteins or in the energy content. Both protein and energy varied to a greater extent in samples of preterm milk. We propose a hypothesis to explain the higher concentration of total nitrogen reported in preterm milk.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Extracorporeal fertilization and embryo transfer.

IVF may be used for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. In patients with idiopathic infertility IVF may distinguish between defects in the spermatozoa or oocyte. At present IVF and ET offers patients with either tubal or idiopathic infertility only a small chance of becoming pregnant (4 to 13 per cent). General application of IVF and ET will be determined by future success rates and incidence of fetal malformation. Selection, preparation and management of patients requires a specialized team, meticulous attention to detail and intense work. The results at four steps in the procedure can be analysed: the rate of oocyte collection is 85 to 90 per cent, the rate of fertilization, 80 to 90 per cent, the rate of embryo development, 50 to 70 per cent, and the pregnancy rate per laparoscopy, 4 to 13 per cent. The factors determining success are not known. The collection of mature oocytes, the use of particular culture media and ease of embryo transfer are important. There are advantages in using clomiphene citrate HCG stimulation rather than the natural cycle. Pregnancy has occurred despite factors thought to be deleterious to IVF: general anaesthesia, carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, prolonged anaesthesia before oocyte collection and bleeding before or after ET. Ethical and legal aspects of IVF and ET require consideration by the community, legal profession and religious groups, and suitable guidelines need to be established for scientists and doctors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Size at birth from 37 - 41 weeks gestation: ethnic standards for British infants of both sexes.

Birth size standards are presented for neonates of 37-41 weeks gestation born in South London and Sussex, England. Separate standards are provided for males and females in the three main ethnic groups (North European whites, blacks and Asians from the Indian subcontinent) for the following measurements: weight crown-heel, crown-rump and rump-heel length, forearm, upper arm and lower leg length, head circumference, mid-upper arm and maximum calf circumference, triceps, biceps, subscapular and peri-umbilical skinfold thickness, and upper arm fat and 'lean' areas. The results are discussed in relation to other available standards.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Plasma levels of ethinyl oestradiol and norgestrel during hormone replacement therapy.

Plasma levels of levonorgestrel and ethinyl oestradiol were estimated in six women who took part in a double blind cross-over trial of hormone replacement therapy. Over a 12 mth period, each woman received each of the following oral drugs for 3 mth: ethinyl oestradiol 50 microgram, levonorgestrel 250 microgram, combination of ethinyl oestradiol 50 microgram and levonorgestrel 250 microgram (Nordiol), and placebo. Plasma samples were collected at 2, 8 and 26 h after morning medication each month. Plasma levels of norgestrel were increased when ethinyl oestradiol was added in the form of the combined preparation "Nordiol". The addition of ethinyl oestradiol to norgestrel therapy also resulted in significant differences between patients in the plasma norgestrel levels. There was approximately a three-fold difference between individuals in the plasma levels of ethinyl oestradiol achieved on the same fixed dose. No simple relationship was evident between plasma levels of norgestrel or ethinyl oestradiol and any of the clinical features measured.

Adult↗