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Biomedical subjects

C Wood

Publications and source records attributed to C Wood.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pseudotumor resulting from atypical mycobacterial infection: a "histoid" variety of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection.

A 54-year-old immunosuppressed cardiac transplant recipient with a six-month history of progressive swelling of the hand, with nodules and linear lymph node chain enlargement, diagnosed as a sporotrichoid Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pseudotumor is described. The microscopic features closely resembled the previously described histoid variety of lepromatous leprosy. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested a spindle cell neoplasm rather than an infectious or inflammatory process. An infectious etiology was pursued on the basis of the clinical setting.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

Changes in lymphocyte status and responsiveness in pregnancy detected by a fluorescent cell probe.

Lymphocyte reactivity assessed by a fluorescent lipophilic probe test of responsiveness to concanavalin A (con A) was shown to differ from normal in early pregnancy. The difference was most marked in multiparas. Abnormal reactivity was detected in the earliest pregnancy examined (5 weeks' gestation) and up to about the 20th week; after 20 weeks, reactivity was normal in all of the multiparas and most of the nulliparas studied. However, in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), a disorder of late pregnancy, the same responsiveness as in early pregnancy was found. When unstimulated lymphocytes were examined, abnormal reactivity associated with increased fluorescence was observed in early pregnancy and in PIH, compared with normal late pregnancy, reflecting alteration in lymphocyte membrane phospholipids. It is postulated that pregnancy is associated with sequential change in immunity, disturbance of which may result in immunologically-determined obstetric morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pelvic adhesiolysis--the assessment of symptom relief by 100 patients.

This study reports the effectiveness of pelvic adhesiolysis in relieving symptoms in patients with gross pelvic adhesions. Based on 100 patients' responses to a questionnaire, adhesiolysis was found to be of value in treating infertility, chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. Its value in relieving dysmenorrhoea was less certain while it did not influence menstrual pattern or premenstrual tension.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Benign idiopathic versus mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis.

A study was undertaken in an attempt to identify useful histologic criteria that may allow differentiation between benign idiopathic and mycosis-fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis. We chose young patients because no person under 20 years of age with coexisting follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides disease has ever been reported. Our three most important observations in benign juvenile idiopathic follicular mucinosis were as follows: The lymphocytic infiltrate was generally confined to follicular, perifollicular, or perivascular zones with no extension of either normal or atypical mononuclear cells into the epidermis or into papillary/reticular dermis. Within follicular epithelium there were dense collections of lymphocytes with occasionally atypical-appearing nuclei in three of the eight patients, but never as Pautrier microabscesses. There was absence of a significant associated plasma cell or eosinophil-containing inflammatory dermal infiltrate. These findings are in contrast to those of older patients with follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Investigation of the 'satisfying' quality of infant formula milks.

The 'satisfying' quality of a typical, current formula milk was compared with that of an earlier type with higher protein and mineral content in a double blind, cross over trial in 10 infants. There were no significant differences in the amount of crying or volume consumed which meant that there was a higher sodium and protein intake but no associated improvement in 'satisfaction'.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Failure of prophylactic barbiturate coma in the treatment of severe head injury.

In certain subgroups of severely head-injured patients, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high. The authors describe a randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic pentobarbital therapy in a group of these patients. Pentobarbital was started as soon as possible after the head injury, regardless of the intracranial pressure (ICP), and was continued for a prescribed period of time. The study included 53 consecutive head-injured patients over the age of 12 years, who had either an acute intradural hematoma (subdural and/or intracerebral, large enough to warrant surgical decompression), or no mass lesion but whose best motor response was abnormal flexion or extension. All patients in the study were randomly assigned to a control group (26 cases) or a pentobarbital-treated group (27 cases) once the diagnosis had been made and informed consent obtained. All patients were treated with the same protocol of aggressive resuscitation, prompt diagnosis and treatment of mass lesions, and intensive care, with close follow-up monitoring. The randomization was effective in producing a close match between the control and treated groups with respect to age, sex distribution, cause of injury, neurological status, intracranial lesions, prevalence of early systemic insults, midline shift, and initial ICP. Outcome was essentially the same in each group. There was no difference between groups in the incidence of elevated ICP, the duration of ICP elevation, or the response of ICP elevations to treatment. Arterial hypotension occurred in 14 patients (54%) in the treated group and only two patients (7%) in the untreated group. Based on these data the authors cannot recommend the prophylactic use of pentobarbital coma in the treatment of patients with severe head injury. They also believe that its use is accompanied by significant side effects which can potentially worsen the condition of a patient with severe head injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Water intoxication in children. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report 2 cases of water intoxication. These clinical cases show the importance of neurological signs during the acute period. Hyponatremia is constant and responsible for the clinical signs. A rapid treatment is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Life-threatening sepsis complicating heavy metal chelation therapy with desferrioxamine.

A case of severe Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a hemodialysis patient receiving desferrioxamine (DFX) therapy is reported. The association between systemic yersiniosis and DFX chelation therapy is reviewed. The increasing application of DFX chelation, in iron overload states and for aluminium overload in dialysis patients, provides an increasing number of patients at risk for this unusual drug side effect. An awareness of the association between Yersinia sepsis and DFX therapy allows appropriate therapeutic intervention which may prove lifesaving.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The carriage and delivery of substances to lymphatic tissues by recirculating lymphocytes. I. The concentration of ricin in lymphocyte traffic areas.

Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were loaded in vitro with ricin before intravenous injection into syngeneic rats. TDL that had been incubated at 10 micrograms of ricin/5 X 10(7) cells/ml migrated from the blood into the spleen and lymph nodes (LN) according to the physiological pattern, and TDL incubated at 10 times that concentration were only slightly impaired in their ability to enter LN. The transfer of cells to recipients with thoracic duct fistulae indicated that very few ricin-treated lymphocytes left the LN to recirculate back to lymph. Most of the ricin-loaded lymphocytes died within the lymphatic tissues, probably between 7 and 15 hr after injection. The ricin toxicity was transferred locally, causing selective damage to the cell population within the traffic areas of the lymphatic tissues without disrupting the tissue architecture. This pattern of intensive cell destruction was not seen after a lethal dose of free ricin, which caused more diffuse and less severe damage to the spleen and LN, proving that lymphocytes are effective carriers of ricin. The surviving host lymphocytes were distributed abnormally, presumably because of the obvious damage to small blood vessels in LN and elsewhere. Lymphocytes accumulated especially in the red pulp of the spleen. Although the method described has drawbacks, it might be developed in order to concentrate ricin in the vicinity of neoplastic cells in diffuse lymphomas and leukaemias.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Clinical implications of developments in in vitro fertilisation.

During February 1979 to December 1983, 831 infertile couples were treated by in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. The problems they faced included deciding on the number of oocytes to be collected at laparoscopy, the numbers to be donated or fertilised, the numbers of embryos to be transferred and frozen, and whether abnormal embryos should be used for research or discarded. The 831 patients received a total of 1530 treatment cycles. Of the 763 patients for whom complete data were available, 136 (17.8%) became pregnant. The rate of pregnancy, however, increased dramatically from 7.4% when only one embryo was transferred to 21.1% and 28.1% when two and three embryos were transferred, respectively. The chance of multiple pregnancy also increased with the number of embryos transferred, but the risk (2% for twins) was far outweighed by the relatively poor result after transferring a single embryo. Out of 40 embryos freeze-thawed, 23 survived thawing and were transferred; of these, 4 (17%) resulted in pregnancy. Thirty four transfers of donor oocyte embryos also resulted in four pregnancies (12%), but two of these ended in abortion. Neither microscopy nor any other available test can determine the potential of an oocyte to result in pregnancy, so that discarding oocytes that may look abnormal simply reduces the chances of conception--both for the patient and for any prospective recipient of donor oocyte embryos. In any case, abnormal embryos tend to die when growth is allowed to continue in vitro. Probably all oocytes harvested from a patient should be inseminated and the utilisation of the embryos decided once the number developed is known.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1984

Malignant histiocytosis X. Report of a rapidly fatal case in an elderly man.

A 71-year-old white man developed an increasing number of 1-to-10 mm, erythematous nodules, many with central ulceration, most prominent on the head and trunk. Biopsy of a nodule showed infiltration of the dermis and epidermis by large cells with multilobulated nuclei and numerous mitoses. Electron microscopy showed that most tumor cells contained Langerhans' cell granules. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a pattern of antigen expression similar to that of Langerhans' cells including Ia and Leu-6 (T6) antigens. Chest x-ray showed diffuse pulmonary infiltration and similar tumor cells were present in the sputum and urine. He developed increasing dyspnea and jaundice despite chemotherapy, and died 6 months after the onset of the disease. Autopsy showed massive tumor infiltration of the lungs, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, and focal involvement of the myocardium, skin and bladder. Clinical and cytologic features indicated this case to be a rare example of highly malignant histiocytosis X in an elderly man.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Barriers to treatment of infertility by in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

A survey was made of 121 patients who withdrew from an in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programme, and the reasons leading to withdrawal were solicited by a questionnaire. The most common reasons stated by the 91 patients who returned the survey questionnaires were the heavy financial burden and psychosocial stresses that accompanied treatment. Seventy per cent of these patients expressed a desire to re-enter the programme at a later date.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ordered rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region segments.

The immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region is encoded as three separate libraries of elements in germ-line DNA: VH, D and JH. To examine the order and regulation of their joining, we have developed assays that distinguish their various combinations and have used the assays to study tumor cell analogs of B-lymphoid cells as well as normal B-lymphoid cells. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) transformed fetal liver cells - the most primitive B-lymphoid cell analog available for analysis - generally had DJH rearrangements at both JH loci. These lines continued DNA rearrangement in culture, in most cases by joining a VH gene segment to an existing DJH complex with the concomitant deletion of intervening DNA sequences. None of these lines or their progeny showed evidence of VHD or DD rearrangements. Heavy chain-producing tumor lines, representing more mature stages of the B-cell pathway, and normal B-lymphocytes had either two VHDJH rearrangements or a VHDJH plus a DJH rearrangement at their two heavy chain loci; they also showed no evidence of VHD or DD rearrangements. These results support an ordered mechanism of variable gene assembly during B-cell differentiation in which D-to-JH rearrangements generally occur first and on both chromosomes followed by VH-to-DJH rearrangements, with both types of joining processes occurring by intrachromosomal deletion. The high percentage of JH alleles remaining in the DJH configuration in heavy chain-producing lines and, especially, in normal B-lymphocytes supports a regulated mechanism of heavy chain allelic exclusion in which a VHDJH rearrangement, if productive, prevents an additional VH-to-DJH rearrangement.

Abelson murine leukemia virus↗