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Biomedical subjects

C Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C Williams.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Changes in fat, fat-free mass and body water in human normal pregnancy.

Measurements of body weight, total body water and total body potassium (40K) were made serially on three occasions during pregnancy and once post partum in 27 normal pregnant women. Skinfold thickness and fat cell diameter were also measured. A model of body composition was formulated to permit the estimation of changes in fat, lean tissue and water content of the maternal body. Total maternal body fat increased during pregnancy, reaching a peak towards the end of the second trimester before diminishing. Serial measurements of fat cell diameter showed poor correlation, whilst total body fat calculated from skinfold thickness correlated well with our estimated values for total body fat in pregnancy.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of central serous retinopathy.

In a prospective randomised trial of argon laser photocoagulation in the management of central serous retinopathy it was confirmed that this treatment hastens resolution of the serous detachment. No evidence was found to suggest that treatment influences the final visual outcome in eyes with initial visual acuity of 6/12 or better.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of calcitonin on fracture healing.

Corrective osteotomy of the long bones may be required in patients with Paget's disease. Experiments on rabbits suggest that the safety of the procedures is of concern while the patient receives Calcitonin. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals. Half of each group received maintenance doses of Calcitonin subcutaneously. In all animals the left and right ulnae were osteotomized through middiaphysis. The right ulna was fixed with a "mini" dynamic compression plate. The left ulna was not immobilized. Each group of animals was sacrificed at successive intervals of 3 weeks. Histologically, no difference was found in the healing of the fracture of test or control animals. Radiographically, the fracture line persisted longer in animals receiving Calcitonin (6 weeks vs 3 weeks). All fractures healed by 9 weeks. The fracture line disappeared more rapidly in all the immobilized bones. Based on these observations, administration of Calcitonin is not a contraindication for corrective osteotomy in Paget's disease. Osteotomies should be rigidly fixed to maintain the correction achieved surgically until healing is established.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during low intensity exercise: effects of the availability of muscle glycogen.

Four subjects were studied during exercise at 50% of maximum oxygen uptake after a normal diet, after a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet following exercise-induced glycogen depletion, and after a high CHO diet. This regime has previously been shown to cause changes in the amount of glycogen stored in the exercising muscles. Metabolic and respiratory parameters were measured during the exercise. The respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate, blood pyruvate, blood glucose and plasma triglycerides were lower than normal following the low CHO diet and higher than normal following the high CHO diet. Plasma free fatty acids and plasma glycerol were higher than normal after the low CHO diet and lower than normal after the high CHO diet. The contribution of CHO to metabolism was less than normal after the low CHO diet and greater than normal after the high CHO diet. The altered availability of FFA does not appear to be a result of the variations in the blood lactate content.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Management of malignancy in "cancer families".

A further "cancer family" is described. Cancer patients from such a family require careful lifelong follow-up. All members of cancer families should be screened for cancer of the uterus and colon, and they should be educated in methods of cancer detection and the importance of early diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Adipose tissue metabolism in pregnancy: the lipolytic effect of human placental lactogen.

In vitro adipose tissue lipolysis was investigated in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Basal and hormone-stimulated rates of lipolysis were significantly higher in the pregnant group. Human placental lactogen (HPL) was shown to be lipolytic on adipose tissue from both pregnant and non-pregnant women; the response being more marked in the pregnant group. We postulate that HPL is responsible for this increased lipolytic sensitivity in pregnancy, the result of which is the elevation in levels of plasma free fatty acids in the third trimester.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

An examination of possible mechanisms of angiotensin II-stimulated steroidogenesis.

Dog and rat adrenal glomerulosa cells and subcellular fractions have been utilized to evaluate the mechanism of angiotensin II- and angiotensin III-induced aldosterone production. The effects of angiotensin, ACTH, and potassium have been compared on cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in isolated glomerulosa cells and adenylate cyclase activity in subcellular fractions. The effect of angiotensin II has also been assessed on Na+-K+-activated ATPase of plasma membrane enriched fractions of dog and rat adrenals. We have demonstrated no effect of angiotensin II or angiotensin III on either adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or Na+-K+-dependent ATPase activity over a wide range of concentrations. Potassium ion in concentrations that stimulate significant aldosterone production was also without effect. The negative effects of angiotensin and potassium were contrasted against a positive correlation between an ACTH-induced effect on aldosterone production, adenylate cyclase, and cyclic AMP accumulation. These studies have served to demonstrate that neither adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or Na+-K+-activated ATPase seem to be directly involved in the mechanism of action of angiotensins on aldosterone production in the rat and dog adrenal glomerulosa.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

A study of lymphoproliferative diseases comparing immunofluorescence with immunohistochemistry.

Sections of lymph nodes from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders were stained by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods. Staining with anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibodies employed F(ab')2 fragments of purified antibodies to avoid binding via Fc receptors. Frozen-section immunofluorescence revealed that B-cell lymphomas were composed of monoclonal populations of Ig-bearing cells. With immunohistochemical technics, however, a significant number of B-cell lymphomas either did not stain for Ig or showed spurious staining. The possible reasons for lack of staining in some cases and spurious staining in others are discussed. As currently applied to lymphoproliferative disorders, immunofluorescence appears to be more senitive and more speific than immunohistochemistry.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1978

Inhibitory effects of the herbicide trifluralin on the establishment of the clover root nodule symbiosis.

Trifluralin, a widely used herbicide (Rahman, 1977), may act via interaction with plant microtubule protein (Hess and Bayer, 1974, 1977). In trifluralin treated seedlings of Trifolium repens, root tips increased in diameter and decreased in length, cell elongation was decreased, cell wall deposition was abnormal, root hairs were deformed, and a marked reduction was seen in the number of infection threads induced by the bacterial symbionts. Our observations support the hypothesis that trifluralin (at low concentrations, from 2 x 10(-6) M) interferes with microtubule-based morphogenetic processes in developing seedlings and adversely affects the establishment of the bacteria-legume symbiosis.

Morphogenesis↗
PubMed1977

Oral anticandidal prophylaxis in patients undergoing chemotherapy for acut- leukemia.

Fifty-six untreated patients with acute leukemia (38 acute myelogenous leukemia, 16 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 2 blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia) were randomized on admission to one of three groups--one to receive oral anticandidal prophylaxis through the period of remission induction chemotherapy with nystatin, another to receive natamycin, and the third to receive no anticandidal prophylaxis. Neither of the first two groups show any advantage over the last and it is concluded that provided gut sterilization regimes are not employed, prophylactic oral anticandidal treatment is of no value in these patients and should be reserved until there is clinical evidence of infection.

Administration, Oral↗