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Biomedical subjects

C Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C Williams.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The importance of dietary protein in the zinc deficiency of uremia.

The pathogenesis of zinc deficiency and its relationship to hypogeusia were studied in three chronic dialysis units in Toronto. The difference between low plasma zinc levels at two of the hospitals compared to the normal levels in the third hospital was significantly related to levels of dietary zinc intake which in turn was due to the levels of dietary protein intake. Thus one cause of zinc deficiency in chronic uremia is dietary protein deprivation. In addition, in the hospital with normal plasma levels there was a small but significant rise in plasma zinc postdialysis in contrast to the other two hospitals where there was no change. Thus slight leaching of zinc from dialysis equipment could help prevent zinc deficiency in such patients. Hypogeusia was more common in zinc-deficient patients.

Ageusia↗
PubMed1981

Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Effects of steroid on lung collagen metabolism.

Using bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as a model, we have set out to study collagen metabolism in the fibrotic process. As was previously shown, intratracheal administration of bleomycin in the rat caused increased deposition and net synthesis of collagen in the lung. This was accompanied by marked increases in the tissue-free proline pool size and less dramatic increases in the pool's radioactivity when lung mince was pulsed with radioactive proline to measure the net collagen synthesis. Using a technique based on the quantitation of the rate of release of hydroxyproline-containing peptides when lung homogenates were incubated in calcium-containing buffer, lung collagenolytic activity was markedly diminished as a result of bleomycin treatment. Concomitant treatment with the steroid methylprednisolone did not affect significantly this decrease in lung collagenolytic activity. Such steroid treatment, however, prevented the increase in bleomycin-induced lung collagen deposition and partially suppressed total lung collagen synthesis, without affecting the net rate of lung collagen synthesis expressed per mg of DNA. Steroid treatment also inhibited the marked increase in tissue-free proline pool size and radioactivity caused by bleomycin. The mechanism of amelioration of the fibrotic response by the steroid is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Protein, amino acid, and caloric intakes of selected pregnant women.

Toxemia of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant women attending a Maternal and Infant Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, amino acids, and total calories. Women with toxemia were identified, and women without toxemia served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential amino acids were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential amino acids were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two-thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential amino acids were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant women. The relationships of glucosuria and of toxemia to protein and amino acid intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of anemia to protein and amino acid intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and amino acids to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and amino acids with toxemia of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Postcoital pneumoperitoneum.

A case of postcoital pneumoperitoneum occurring 2 months after abdominal hysterectomy is presented along with a review of the literature. The authors believe this is the first reported case of postcoital pneumoperitoneum after abdominal hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia before and after renal transplantation.

A patient who developed chronic renal failure secondary to the haemolytic uraemic syndrome subsequently developed life threatening microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia following renal transplantation. Transplant nephrectomy was necessary to prevent the progression of thrombocytopenia and associated pulmonary haemorrhage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Does vesicoureteric reflux result in renal allograft failure?

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) into transplanted kidneys has been cited as an often disregarded but frequent complication of transplantation which is associated with a glomerular lesion that resembles membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, marked proteinuria, and graft failure. To determine the prevalence of this complication in our transplant population, all of our 23 patients with marked proteinuria and 27 controls without proteinuria had voiding cystourethrograms performed approximately two years after transplantation. In our population, VUR was infrequent (8%). Moreover, in the three of the four cases detected renal function has not deteriorated and three of the four do not have marked proteinuria. We cannot confirm the suggestion that VUR is a frequent cause of late renal allograft failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Increased utilization of salty food with age among preteenage black girls.

In a survey of black inner-city school children 10 to 13 years of age, a significant correlation was found for obesity index (weight/height(2)) and measurements of systolic blood pressure. Significant correlations were found for both blood pressure and obesity index of mothers and daughters. No such relationships were found for mothers and sons. There was an increased availability of sodium-rich foods found for girls as their age increased. This was not found for boys.Both obesity and a sodium-rich diet are risk factors for the development of hypertension. The present study suggests that among over-weight black girls in the preteen years, attempts should be made (1) to identify (and limit) any increase in the consumption of salty foods and (2) to limit weight gain appropriately.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Bilateral parotid neoplasms.

We are reporting what we believe to be the second case of bilateral parotid neoplasm occuring synchronously with differing histologies. We believe that this neoplasm may represent a specific propensity of parotid tissue in a given individual to develop neoplasia in a multipotential glandular organ subject to many neoplastic diseases. There also exists the possibility that this condition may represent an immune deficiency specific to the parotid gland. The case reports that have been reviewed demonstrate that a secondary neoplasm may arise from benign mixed tumors. We question whether this is an example of monistic origin of acinic cell tumor from a mixed-cell tumor or, perhaps, dualistic expression for this salivary gland to develop a multiplicity of anaplastic and metaplastic growth variants. In approaching a case with bilateral parotid involvement, the physician must be aware of the rare possibility that benign and malignant tumors may coexist. He must be prepared to proceed with more radical extirpation than simple superficial parotidectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Diet-related toxemia in pregnancy. I. Fat, fatty acids, and cholesterol.

Toxemia in pregnancy (preeclampsia)is characteristerized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intake of a selected number of young pregnant women attending a Maternal and Infant Care Program at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for total lipids, individual fatty acids, and cholesterol. Women with toxemia or with any of the individual symptoms were identified and women without toxemia or these symptoms served as controls. Results were variable from repetition to repetition in all but the toxemia group and the edema group. The consumption of total lipids and cholesterol was significantly greater in all three trials by both the toxemia and edema groups. Also, total saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were eaten in greater amounts. The greatest differences were in palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids consumed in all groups was very low. All differences could be attributed primarily to breakfast and dinner meals and were found in the milk, meat, and egg food groups. Although satistical correlations were found between lipid intake and toxemia of pregnancy any specific relationship between the two is still unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Development of large scale fractionation methods. VII. Preparation of antithrombin III concentrate.

A large scale method for preparation of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate from plasma or from Cohn fraction IV-1 (Fr. IV-1) has been described. It consists of the following steps: (a) partial purification by precipitation of impurities with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000; (b) isolation of AT III from the PEG supernatant by batch adsorption and elution on heparin-Sepharose at a ratio corresponding to 45 vol of plasma or 80 vol of 10% Fr. IV-1 solution to 1 vol of gel; (c) concentration and desalting of the eluted AT III on a Pellicon ultrafiltration system; (d) pasteurization of AT III concentrate by heating for 10 h at 60 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate at pH 7.5; (e) removal of excess citrate by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50; and (f) sterile filtration, filling and lyophilization. The recovery by activity was 32% from a 113-liter plasma batch and 16% from a 42-kg Fr. IV-1 batch. Both AT III concentrates, derived either from plasma or from Fr. IV-1, had similar specific activity and electrophoretic purity, were nonpyrogenic and met all other FDA requirements for biologic products. Pasteurization induced changes in disc gel and isotachophoretic patterns of AT III preparations.

Adsorption↗