United States children two months of age were randomly assigned to two groups that received either the commercially available oral trivalent poliovirus vaccine ( OPV ) or an injectable (inactivated) trivalent poliovirus vaccine (IPV) with a confirmed minimum D-antigen content of 27, 3.5, and 29 units for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Vaccine was given at two, four, and 18 months of age. Sera obtained from 439 children at two, four, and six months of age and from 85 children at 18 and 20 months of age were examined for neutralizing antibodies. The percentage of children with detectable antibodies and the reciprocal geometric mean titers were similar for both groups at two months of age for antibodies to all three poliovirus types. At 20 months of age, all children but one had detectable antibodies to all three poliovirus types. Significantly higher geometric mean titers against types 2 and 3 were noted at 20 months of age for the IPV group.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Utilization of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials in spinal cord injury. Prognostic limitations.

The prognostic value of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials (SECP) for clinical recovery was studied in 71 patients with complete (28) and incomplete (43) spinal injuries. While the absence of an SECP was associated with no clinical recovery, the presence of an SECP was of little value in predicting the clinical state at the time of examination or the potential for recovery.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of spinal cord pathways responsible for the peroneal-evoked response in the dog.

The question of whether the dorsal columns were primarily responsible for the conduction of the peroneal-evoked cortical somatosensory response was studied by making staged scalpel transections of the spinal cord at T6 in the anesthetized dog. Control evoked potentials were followed by sequential lesioning of the spinal cord, followed by 30 minutes of evaluation to determine the effect of the lesion. Although slight shifts in latency may have occurred following a particular cut, these were usually transient and recovered to control values, regardless of the order in which various quadrants were sectioned. To alter the peroneal-evoked cortical potential in the dog, at least three quadrants of the spinal cord must be damaged to cause consistent increases in latency or loss of potentials. These findings agree with other investigators' observations in the cat, monkey and human.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

External carotid artery embolus from the internal carotid artery "stump" during angiography. Case report.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Carotid Arteries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reserpine and cerebral vasospasm.

Cerebral vasospasm was produced in the dog basilar artery by topically applied five-day-old clotted autologous blood, but not by freshly drawn blood. The spasm was reversed by methysergide, an antiserotonin agent. However, vasospasm was not produced by five-day-old clotted autologous blood from dogs pretreated with reserpine. This suggests platelet serotonin or a similar, unidentified substance as the vasospastic element in dog blood responsible for experimental vasospasm from topically applied whole blood. Other experimental data support these findings.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Survival, neuronal differentiation, and fiber outgrowth of propagated human neural precursor grafts in an animal model of Huntington's disease.

Expanded neural precursor cells provide an attractive alternative to primary fetal tissue for cell replacement therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we transplanted epigenetically propagated human neural precursor cells into a rat model of Huntington's disease. Neural precursors survived transplantation and large numbers differentiated to express neuronal antigens, including some that expressed DARPP-32, indicating a mature striatal phenotype had been adopted. Neuronal fibers from the grafts projected diffusely throughout the host brain, although there was no evidence that outgrowth was specifically target directed. This study supports the contention that propagated human neural precursors may ultimately be of use in therapeutic neural transplantation paradigms for diseases such as Huntington's disease.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Volume and differentiation of striatal grafts in rats: relationship to the number of cells implanted.

A growing body of evidence suggests that graft-mediated functional recovery in animal models of Huntington's disease is influenced by the morphology of the striatal grafts. Various parameters, including embryonic dissection, tissue preparation, and surgical delivery into the brain, have been investigated with the aim of increasing the proportion of the grafts comprising striatum-like tissue. While growing evidence suggests that implants derived from the selective dissection of the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) contain more striatal tissue, the relationship between the quantity of LGE tissue implanted and the striatum-like proportion of the resultant grafts has not been formally investigated. In this study the volume of striatum-like tissue within the grafts did not increase in a linear manner with increasing numbers of cells implanted. The proportion of the grafts that comprised the striatum-like patch compartment or P-zone remained constant after an initial rapid increase as the number of LGE cells implanted was increased. These results have important practical implications in determining the optimum number of LGE cells to implant and hence in the design of any surgical protocol for the clinical application of this technique.

Animals↗