Observation of B-meson semileptonic decays to noncharmed final states.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
C Wang
Publications and source records attributed to C Wang.
Brain tumors diagnosed in the first year of life in five Far-Eastern countries. Statistical analysis of 307 cases.
A statistical survey is presented of brain tumors diagnosed in the first year of life (from five Far-Eastern countries) in relation to the racial differences in tumor types, congenital factors, and general clinical features. Of the 307 cases collected, 262 were verified histologically, and astrocytomas comprised 23.3%, medulloblastomas 17.2%, ependymomas 11.1%, choroid plexus papillomas 10.7%, teratomas 8.4%, primitive neuroectodermal tumors 4.2%, meningiomas 2.3%, and others 22.9%. There were statistically significant racial differences in comparison with the worldwide survey done by the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery Education Committee (1987) on the same subject. In the Far-Eastern population, medulloblastoma and teratoma were more common (P less than 0.05), whereas astrocytoma was less frequent (P less than 0.01) than reported in the worldwide survey. The malformative factors were suggested in 18 cases in which various associated congenital anomalies were observed. Vascular anomalous lesions, mostly in the extracranial organs, were most common, comprising 61.1% of the associated malformations. Hereditary factors were less commonly demonstrated in these tumors than were anomalies in the major congenital central nervous system. Among the 307 cases, there was one instance (0.3%) of nearly identical tumors occurring in twin brothers. The specific clinical manifestations of brain tumors involving the immature brain were again apparent in this survey, as were the poor survival rates and poor functional prognosis.
China↗
Absorption of intranasal salmon calcitonin in normal subjects and hypogonadic men.
The absorption kinetics of intranasal salmon calcitonin were assessed in 4 normal subjects and 9 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. After administration, absorption occurred within 5 minutes. There was a highly significant correlation between the amount administered and the amount absorbed (r = -0.83, P less than 0.0005).
Administration, Intranasal↗
Genetic polymorphism of MHC class III and GLO in Chinese Yao nationality.
Yao nationality is one of the minority nationalities living mainly in South China (Guangxi Province). The purpose of this study was to provide data of MHC class III and GLO in Chinese Yao nationality and the different genetic background of Yao and Han nationality, the latter representing the major nationality in China. The genetic polymorphism of MHC class III and GLO in Chinese Yao nationality was determined. Previously the Japanese were considered to have the lowest C2*C frequencies (0.9386), but now we ascertained that the Yao have the lowest C2*C frequencies (0.9336). The data concerning gene frequencies of Yao are presented. They were also compared with the available data of Han.
China↗
Circulating somatostatin after oral glucose in hypothyroidism.
The response of circulating somatostatin-like immunoactivity (SLI) to oral glucose and its relation to other pancreatic islet cell hormones were studied in 10 hypothyroid subjects before and after treatment. None of the patients suffered from diabetes mellitus or obesity. Compared with normal controls, the hypothyroid subjects had higher fasting and stimulated SLI levels but lower fasting pancreatic glucagon levels. Integrated glucose and insulin responses following glucose ingestion were normal, but the peak insulin response was delayed to 120 min suggesting impaired pancreatic beta-cell response to oral glucose. On the other hand, the peak response of plasma C-peptide was higher probably because of a reduction in metabolic clearance. In both hypothyroid subjects and controls, a significant correlation was found between the maximal increment of SLI and the maximal decrement of glucagon following oral glucose. In conclusion, plasma SLI is increased in hypothyroidism. The changes in SLI may be due to either an increased hormonal secretion or a reduced metabolic clearance in hypothyroidism. This elevated SLI might contribute to the slower gastrointestinal motility observed in hypothyroidism. Our data also suggest that the reduction in glucagon secretion may be secondary to the increase in circulating SLI.
Adult↗
Glucose transporter immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and area postrema.
To study the glucose transporter (GT) protein in two glucose-sensitive areas of the rat brain, frozen coronal sections at the level of the median eminence (ME) and area postrema (AP) were stained immunocytochemically with an antibody raised against human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Immunoreactivity was mainly confined to blood vessels in most brain areas but was lacking in those of the ME and AP, which also lack a normal blood-brain barrier. This suggests that glucose entry into these brain areas, unlike others, is not limited or regulated by capillary glucose transport systems. Tancyte processes stained strongly for GT and for glycogen and thus may have an unusual glucose metabolism.
Animals↗
Vitamin D status among patients with fractured neck of femur in Hong Kong.
Vitamin D deficiency leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism initially and then to mild osteomalacia, both of which conditions may be aymptomatic and may predispose to bone fracture. To assess the importance of vitamin D deficiency in predisposing to fractured neck of femur, we studied the vitamin D status, dietary intake and socio-economic characteristics in 69 patients with fractured neck of femur (group A), 28 normal subjects with age above 60 (group B), and 101 normal volunteers (group C). Patients with fractured neck of femor had significantly lower levels of serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol compared with subjects of groups B and C. There is no statistically significant difference in other biochemical parameters, including calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase. Patients with fractured neck of femur and with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol below 20 ng/mL were characterized by a home-bound and/or institutionalized life-style, smaller living place, and limited access to open space. To conclude, hypovitaminosis D is a common problem among elderly patients with fractured neck of femur in Hong Kong. The fact that such vitamin D deficiency is associated with muscle weakness may contribute to falls, and thus indirectly account for an increased rate of hip fractures over the normal control.
Aged↗
Discriminant factors affecting early outcome of radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease.
Pretreatment clinical, biochemical, iodine-131 (131I) scan and tracer-kinetic parameters were studied in 827 Chinese patients with Graves' disease treated with radioactive iodine. One year after 131I therapy, 56.7% were euthyroid, 33.9% were still thyrotoxic and 9.4% were hypothyroid. Discriminant analysis of all pretreatment variables identified thyroid mass, presenting free thyroxine index and 4 h 131I uptake as the three variables most helpful in discriminating the early outcome group of 131I therapy. The findings suggest that patients with large goitres and severe disease may require higher doses of 131I for treatment of Graves' disease.
Adult↗
Differential evaluation of human sperm hypoosmotic swelling test and its relationship with the outcome of in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes.
The hypoosmotic swelling test is a simple laboratory test to measure the functional integrity of the human sperm membrane. Its in-vivo and in-vitro applicability needs to be evaluated before it can be accepted as a useful routine test for the fertilizing potential of human semen. We studied the standard semen analysis results and differential sperm tail swelling patterns of seminal and swim-up sperm after hypoosmotic treatment in 97 semen samples used for in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes. Semen samples were classified as infertile (0% fertilization rate; n = 27) or fertile (greater than 0% fertilization rate; n = 70) before statistical analyses. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.005) in percentage normal morphology of seminal sperm between the fertile and infertile semen samples. The percentage normal morphology of seminal sperm correlated (r = 0.4250; P less than 0.005) with the in-vitro fertilization rate of human oocytes and this parameter was selected by the multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis as the discriminator capable of predicting the in-vitro fertilization rate with 57.7% accuracy. The percentage total swelling of seminal and swim-up sperm after hypoosmotic treatment was not correlated with the in-vitro fertilization rate. The percentage swelling pattern g (the open type) of seminal sperm was also selected by the multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis as the discriminator to predict the in-vitro fertilization rate. This parameter correlated with the percentage normal morphology of seminal sperm (r = 0.3014; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cell Membrane↗
Androgen selectively stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone-beta mRNA levels after gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist administration.
Gonadal steroids act both at the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate gonadotropin subunit gene expression. To investigate positive feedback effects of sex steroids on gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in vivo, independent of effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the following studies were performed. Male and female rats, 7 days following castration, received the potent Nal/Glu GnRH antagonist (GnRHA) (500 micrograms/kg/day) for 14 days to block endogenous GnRH activity. Subgroups of animals received either estradiol benzoate (E) (10 micrograms/100 g BW/day) or testosterone propionate (T) (500 micrograms/100 g BW/day) for the last 7 days to assess the effects of reintroduction of gonadal steroids during blockade of endogenous GnRH action. Intact rats and castrated animals that received vehicle served as controls. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined on trunk blood, and gonadotropin subunit mRNAs were determined by blot hybridization using radiolabeled probes specific for the rat FSH beta, alpha, and LH beta subunit and mouse beta-actin genes. Autoradiographic bands were quantitated by laser densitometry and subunit mRNA levels were compared to those in intact pituitaries. In these studies, GnRHA administration inhibited the post-castration rises in all three gonadotropin mRNAs, as well as in serum FSH and LH levels. GnRHA + E or GnRHA + T resulted in similar or further suppression of alpha and LH beta mRNA levels compared to GnRHA alone. In contrast, in both sexes, GnRHA + T stimulated FSH beta mRNAs and serum FSH levels toward those of gonadectomized controls. Thus, during GnRHA inhibition of endogenous GnRH activity, androgen uniquely stimulates FSH beta mRNA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Androgens↗
Divergent regulation of gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels by androgens in the female rat.
To examine the effects of gonadal steroids on the pretranslational regulation of the gonadotropin subunits in the female, adult female rats, beginning 7 or 28 days after ovariectomy, received daily injections of testosterone propionate (T), dihydrotestosterone propionate (D), or estradiol benzoate (E) for 7 days. Intact cycling females and ovariectomized rats that received vehicle served as controls. Serum was obtained for LH and FSH levels to assess changes in gonadotropin secretion. Total RNA from individual rats was recovered and analyzed by blot hybridization with specific radiolabeled cDNA probes for the alpha, LH beta, and FSH beta subunits. Autoradiographic bands were quantitated and standardized to mRNA levels in the intact animals. Ovariectomy resulted in a rise in serum gonadotropin levels and all three gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels. Estrogen replacement resulted in suppression of alpha, LH beta, and FSH beta mRNAs whether given at 7 or 28 days after ovariectomy. In contrast, whereas androgen replacement decreased alpha and LH beta mRNAs, D or T did not consistently suppress FSH beta mRNAs. We conclude that chronic estrogen administration to the castrated female rat uniformly suppresses all three gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels. In female rats, as in male rats, chronic androgen administration fails to negatively regulate FSH beta mRNAs.
Androgens↗
Characterization of four murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing respectively HLA-A2 plus Aw69, HLA-B13, HLA-Bw4 and HLA-A28.
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Animals↗
Retinoic acid promotes transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene.
Retinoic acid together with dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene in embryonal carcinoma cells (line F9). Processed mRNA transcripts appeared within 4 h after exposure to these agents, and functional alpha:alpha homodimers appeared within 24 h.
Animals↗
Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy due to coexistence of struma ovarii and Graves' disease.
A patient with hyperthyroid Graves' disease and struma ovarii is described. She had pre-existing Graves' disease and positive thyrotrophin receptor antibody. She was treated with radioactive iodine 5 months before she became pregnant. Paripartum she had torsion of an ovarian cyst with histological evidence of a functional struma ovarii. Immediate exacerbation of her thyrotoxic state was observed after operation as a result of release of thyroid hormone from the tumour. It is postulated that the tumour was stimulated by circulating thyrotrophin receptor antibody.
Adult↗
Serum bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone levels in girls with precocious sexual development.
We studied the serum immunoreactive (immuno) and bioactive (bio) FSH concentrations in 16 prepubertal children (1.3-9 yr old), 6 girls with premature thelarche (0.8-2 yr old), and 9 girls with central precocious puberty (2.5-9.3 yr old). The serum bio-FSH was measured by the granulosa cell aromatase bioassay. The basal serum bio-FSH levels were not significantly different in patients with central precocious puberty (6.4 +/- 1.5 IU/L), premature thelarche (7.5 +/- 0.5 IU/L), and prepubertal controls (4.4 +/- 0.7 IU/L). However, the peak responses of both serum immuno- and bio-FSH levels to iv GnRH were higher in patients with premature thelarche (immuno-FSH, 29.3 +/- 2.3 IU/L; bio-FSH, 100.7 +/- 12.2 IU/L) than in those with central precocious puberty [immuno-FSH, 17.5 +/- 3.1 IU/L (p less than 0.05); bio-FSH, 42.4 +/- 9.8 IU/L (p less than 0.01)]. This suggests that in children with premature thelarche, there is a predominant immuno- as well as bio-FSH response to GnRH. After 12 months of GnRH agonist therapy, both serum immuno- and bio-FSH levels were suppressed in patients with central precocious puberty. The differences in clinical presentation between central precocious puberty and premature thelarche cannot be explained by the differences in FSH bioactivity.
Biological Availability↗
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cytologic specimens derived from esophageal precancer lesions and cancer.
A series of 80 esophageal cytologic specimens derived from the same number of patients with previously diagnosed squamous cell dysplasia of the esophagus were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by filter in situ hybridization (FISH), using a mixed DNA probe containing HPV types 11, 16, and 18. All the patients came from an area at high risk for esophageal cancer in China. A total of 53 cases (66.3%) were demonstrated as HPV-DNA-positive. HPV DNA was detected in 22.2% (2 of 9) of the patients without cytologic atypia, in 50% (3 of 6) with mild dysplasia, in 80.6% (25 of 31) with moderate dysplasia, in 67.9% (19 of 28) with severe dysplasia, and in 66.7% (4 of 6) with an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The present results confirm the recent findings on HPV involvement in esophageal squamous cell lesions. They support the hypothesis that HPV is a possible etiologic agent in esophageal carcinogenesis, most probably acting synergistically with physical, chemical, and/or nutritional factors that have previously been related with this malignancy in the high-risk areas of China.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Effects of supplemental protein on acid-base status and calcium metabolism of nonlactating Jersey cows.
The objective was to study effects of 11, 15, and 19% dietary CP on acid-base status, Ca balance, and metabolic responses to intravenous infusion of disodium EDTA. Dietary protein content was increased by supplementation of hydrolyzed feather meal and distillers dried grains with solubles to a concentrate combined with cottonseed hulls (40:60). Six nonlactating, nonpregnant multiparous Jersey cows (average 6.7 yr old) were used in two balanced 3 x 3 Latin squares with 24-d periods. Increasing supplemental CP decreased blood base excess, urinary titratable base, and net base excretion, but increased urinary ammonium excretion. Calcium excretion and balance were not affected by supplemental CP. Analysis to detect heterogeneity of regression showed that response of plasma EDTA-free Ca to EDTA infusion over time was not different among treatments. Increasing supplemental protein induced mild acidosis but did not affect Ca balance or responses to Ca removal from blood (via EDTA infusion) of non-lactating cows.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
[Determination of tangshenoside I in Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. by TLC-UV spectrophotometric method].
A method of thin layer chromatographic separation and ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tangshenoside I in Codonopsis pilosula is described. A comparison of the contents in various samples is made. The contents of tangshenoside I in frosted sample have been found to be twice as much as in normal drug. The recovery of tangshenoside I is 99.92% and the coefficient of variation of eight samplings is 1.77%.
Chromatography, Thin Layer↗