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Biomedical subjects

C V Sumaya

Publications and source records attributed to C V Sumaya.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis in the immunocompromised (nude) mouse.

Athymic nude mice (nu/nu) were significantly more susceptible to pneumonia due to the agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn), Chlamydia trachomatis, than their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates, as judged both by a greater mortality and a decreased ability to rid their lungs of the infection. Nu/nu mice did not produce significant antibody to the MoPn agent, whereas nu/+ mice did. Thymic transplantation rendered nu/nu mice significantly more resistant to the MoPn agent than nu/nu controls. Resistance to the MoPn agent and production of specific antibody to the MoPn agent were dependent on thymus-derived cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

B lymphocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis.

Changes in lymphocyte surface markers during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) were re-examined because (1) these changes may provide information about host immune restraints to the initiation of a malignant process and (2) problems in the identification of B lymphocytes were often not appreciated in previous observations. An acute and transient reduction of IgM- and IgD-bearing B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of these patients was demonstrated. The numbers of cells bearing Fc receptors and T lymphocytes were less consistently altered. It is hypothesized that the reduction of IgM- and IgD-bearing cells is caused by interference with the production of these cells or alternately their elimination by the virus or activated T lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis.

Serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an agent that persists in a latent form after the initial infection, were determined in 157 patients with multiple sclerosis and in 81 control subjects. Two patients (1.3%) and five control subjects (6.2%) lacked antibodies to EBV. In the subjects with antibodies, the prevalence of high titers (greater than or equal to 1:160) was significantly greater in patients, 69 (44.5%), than in control subjects, 22 (28.9%). The geometric mean titer of antibodies to EBV was significantly higher in patients, 107.0, than in control subjects, 77.1. There was no association between antibody titers and duration or activity of the disease. These findings further support the contention that patients with multiple sclerosis have a general aberration of the immunological system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Histocompatibility antigens and humoral immunity to Epstein-Barr virus.

To explore possible genetic determinants of immunity to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection, prevalence rates and geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibody against EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) were measured in 422 adults of known HLA and ABO histocompatibility types. Deviation from the overall prevalence (87%) of anti-VCA titers > 10 was limited to subjects with HLA-A10 (95%) and those with a "blank" HLA-A locus (78%). The latter deviation was largely accounted for by the 13 subjects of HLA-A1/blank constitution (46%). Deviations from the overall mean anti-VCA titer (GMT 131.5) were found in seropositive subjects with blood group 0 (GMT 153.3) and tissue antigens HLA-A3 (GMT 150.8), HLA-B7 (GMT 152.1), HA-Bw15 (GMT 97.0), and HLA-B27 (GMT 86.4). Separate reanalysis of the data for male and female subjects verified the association of blood group 0 with elevated and HLA-B27 with reduced mean levels of anti-VCA antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

A clinical trial with Alice/R-75 strain, live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal bivalent influenza A/B vaccine.

A clinical trial was conducted with Alice/R-75 strain live attenuated intranasal influenza A/B vaccine. With double blind control 88 adult volunteers were administered 2 doses of Alice/R-75 vaccine, 93 volunteers received one dose of Alice/R-75 vaccine and one dose placebo solution and 94 subjects were administered 2 doses of placebo solution. Twenty-three other subjects received Alice strain monovalent influenza A vaccine. For comparison, data from 21 subjects who received monovalent intranasal R-75 strain influenza B in two doses is included. The vaccine was generally well tolerated. Four-fold serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody titer rises to A/England/42/72 occurred in 39% of the monovalent Alice strain vaccines; in contrast 18% of those given 2 doses of bivalent Alice/R-75 vaccine and 11% of those given 1 dose of bivalent vaccine had similar four-fold HAI antibody titer rises. HAI antibody titer rises to influenza B/Hong Kong/72 occurred in 38% of R-75 strain monovalent vaccinees, 14% of Alice/R-75 2-dose vaccinees and 11% of Alice/R-75 one dose vaccinees. An epidemic of influenza at onset of the study made evaluation of the efficacy of the vaccine impossible.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Recovery of anaerobic bacteria from pediatric patients. A one-year experience.

During 1975, 115 speciments from the soft tissues, body fluids, and purulent sites in 105 pediatric ward and nursery patients were submitted to the clinical laboratory for anaerobic study, and 75% of the cultures were positive. In most instance specimens were collected in anaerobic transport tubes containing peptone yeast extract and glucose. In the laboratory, samples were processed by the anaerobic holding jar method. Nineteen different anaerobic organisms were isolated; the average number of species per specimen was 1.8 Bacteroides sp were the most common isolates (45 strains). Other isolates included 44 anaerobic cocci (15 of which were Peptostreptococcus sp), 22 Propionibacterium sp, ten Fusobacterium sp, nine Clostridium sp, eight Veillonella sp, six Bifidobacterium sp, and four Eubacterium sp. The main sources of anaerobic isolates included 52 gastric aspirates, 46 soft tissue sites, 14 blood specimens, 12 CSF samples, and 12 samples from the external ear canals. Forty-one (43%) of the 86 specimens that contained anaerobic bacteria also had aerobic organisms present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunization of pregnant women with influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine: reactogenicity and immunogenicity in mother and infant.

The safety and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in pregnant women have not been adequately investigated. In this study, 56 women received inactivated influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. No significant immediate reactions or increased fetal complications were associated with administration of the vaccine. The antibody response of the pregnant women to the vaccine was similar to that of nonpregnant adults. Forty mother-infant pairs were available for antibody surveillance. At delivery, reciprocal antibody titers of greater than or equal to 20 were present in 11 (42%) newborn (cord) sera and 15 (58%) maternal sera. Three months later, sera from only three infants (12%) contained this level of antibody. At six months, the serum of only one infant contained this level of antibody. At six months, the serum of only one infant contained detectable antibodies. Levels of passively transferred antibodies from prior maternal infection with influenza A/Victoria/75 virus also declined rapidly following birth. It is possible that immunization of pregnant women can provide sufficient protection of the newborn infants by transfer of antibodies through the placenta if (1) a more potent influenza vaccine, possibly used with booster dosing, is administered, and (2) the women deliver just prior to or during the influenza season.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Tonsillectomy and infectious mononucleosis.

Tonsillar tissue may be the primary site of infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the etiologic agent of classical infectious mononucleosis (IM). Therefore, a retrospective study of the association between tonsillectomy and IM was performed in a college student population. In the first part of the study, tonsillectomy rates were compared between 164 IM-positive students and 164 student controls who attended UCLA in 1972-1975. Although it was determined that the development of IM during college years was statistically less commin in tonsillectomized students, the difference was not inordinately large and probably had no significant biologic meaning. The authors speculate that the difference was due to the greater likelihood, and greater yield, in considering the diagnosis of IM in young adults with enlarged, inflamed tonsils. In support of this is the fact that IM-positive students who had received a prior tonsillectomy usually had the surgical procedure performed at a younger age than the control group. Conceivably, tonsillar ablation in the very young is more liable to result in incomplete removal and eventual regrowth of this tissue. Indeed, six IM-positive students who had received a tonsillectomy at six years of age or less were found to have exudate in tonsillar fossae or pillars during their IM episode. In the second part of the study, clinical and laboratory measures were found to be similar between a larger group of IM-positive students with or without a history of prior tonsillectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Endogenous reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus infections.

In a prior systematic community survey, 20 adults were found to have antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) OF Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in serum. The presence of the latter antibody suggested a recent response to EBV. In the present study the significance of antibody to EA was more extensively evaluated by examination of the sera of these adults for the presence of EBV-specific IgM antibodies (EBV-IgM) and antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (EBVNA). Sera of a matched group of adults with antibodies to VCA but without antibodies to EA were compared with those of the 20 adults with antibodies to EA (anti-EA-positive). In the anti-EA-positive group, 19 specimens of serum contained EBV-IgM, 16 contained elevated titers of antibodies to VCA, and 20 contained antibodies to EBVNA. The sera of the matched group had neither detectable EBV-IgM nor elevated titers of antibodies to VCA; however, all sera had antibodies to EBVNA. None of the individuals gave a history of an infectious mononucleosis-like illness. It was suggested that the majority, if not all, of the anti-EA-positive group were manifesting a host immune response to endogenous reactivation of latent EBV. It is of interest that the presence of EBV-IgM was part of this response.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A clinical trial with monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine in preschool and school-age children.

One hundred thirty-three children in San Antonio, Texas, received intramuscular injections of split-virus or whole-virus preparations of killed, monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine or placebo. Thirty-three children were in the three- to five-year-old age group, and 100 were in the six- to 11-year-old group. A minimal antibody response occurred following injection of the first dose of vaccine. A second or booster dose that was administered approximately four months after the first dose resulted in a significant antibody response, even in children who developed a minimal or no detectable immune response to the initial dose. This improved immune response was observed following administration of two doses of either split-virus or whole-virus vaccines. Reactions by the vaccine recipients on the whole were minimal. Reaction indices determined in both age groups after administration of the booster dose were usually less than those after the first dose. The high prevalence, 78% overall, of antibodies to influenza A/Victoria/75 virus demonstrated that this virus was previously prevalent in our area.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Bivalent influenza vaccine in children with cancer.

Although it had been recommended that children with malignant diseases be immunized against influenza, few data were available to indicate the immune response or reactions that might be expected from this group. Forty-six children with malignant diseases received various dosages of killed split or whole bivalent (A/New Jersey/76-A/Victoria/75) influenza vaccine or a placebo by the intramuscular route. Two doses were administered four weeks apart. The children were receiving various regiments of cancer chemotherapy. The response to A/New Jersey/76 antigen in the children with malignant diseases was similar to that found in normal children who were immunized with bivalent or monovalent (A/New Jersey/76) vaccine in the National Influenza Immunization Trials. Fourteen of 26 children had antibodies to A/Victoria/75 before immunization; nine of the 12 children without these antibodies developed them after the first dose of vaccine. Adverse reactions after vaccination were minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Primary Epstein-Barr virus infections in children.

During a serioepidemiologic survey of a community, 13 (6.2%) of 209 children were found to be experiencing a current or recent primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The sera contained elevated antibody titers to viral capsid antigen of EBV, antibodies to early antigen (EA) of EBV, and specific IgM. The frequency of primary infections was highest in the first decade of life. The primary EBV infections were usually asymptomatic. The antibody to EA was directed predominantly to the R component. A heterophil antibody response was not detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Tuberculous meningitis in children during the isoniazid era.

Fifty-nine cases of tuberculous meningitis in children seen at the Charity Hospital at New Orleans since the addition of isoniazid to the therapy in 1952 are reviewed. Fourteen of the children died during hopsitalization. At discharge 21 children had complete or nearly complete clinical recovery. Follow-up of 21 available long-term survivors revealed a significant number with neurologic and social disabilities. The endemicity of tuberculous infections in the households of the children and factors responsible for transmission of tubercle bacilli from an adult source are reported. The importance of chemoprophylaxis and public health measures in eliminating this disease are stressed.

Adolescent↗