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Biomedical subjects

C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C Taylor.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking.

During four weeks all 2138 cigarette smokers attending the surgeries of 28 general practitioners (GPs) in five group practices in London were allocated to one of four groups: group 1 comprised non-intervention controls; group 2 comprised questionnaire-only controls; group 3 were advised by their GP to stop smoking; and group 4 were advised to stop smoking, given a leaflet to help them, and warned that they would be followed-up. Adequate data for follow-up were obtained from 1884 patients (88%) at one month and 1567 (73%) at one year. Changes in motivation and intention to stop smoking were evident immediately after advice was given. Of the people who stopped smoking, most did so because of the advice. This was achieved by motivating more people to try to stop smoking rather than increasing the success rate among those who did try. The effect was strongest during the first month but still evident over the next three months and was enhanced by the leaflet and warning about follow-up. An additional effect over the longer term was a lower relapse rate among those who stopped, but this was not enhanced by the leaflet and warning about follow-up. The proportions who stopped smoking during the first month and were still not smoking one year later were 0.3%, 1.6%, 3.3%, and 5.1% in the four groups respectively (P <0.001).The results suggest that any GP who adopts this simple routine could expect about 25 long-term successes yearly. If all GPs in the UK participated the yield would exceed half a million ex-smokers a year. This target could not be matched by increasing the present 50 or so special withdrawal clinics to 10 000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dependence, relapse and extinction: a theoretical critique and a behavioral examination.

Re-examines the "decay of extinction" notion proposed by Hunt and Matarazzo (1970) to account for relapse in the treatment of alcoholism and dependence disorders. The attempt to reduce complex relapse behaviors to a simple curve is criticized both from the point of view of using group data to describe an individual process and the nature of cumulative data itself. Because individual differences are marked, a simple group curve cannot describe the process of relapse. A behavioral examination then is presented, based on records of the drinking behavior of 79 alcoholics over a 12-month period after treatment. The main finding is that there are marked individual differences in the process of relapse. Furthermore, the frequency of heavy drinking seems to be most related to a pattern of drinking characterized by marked month-to-month variation in the frequency of heavy drinking rather than a more stable pattern.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1978

Building a standardized alcoholism interview schedule.

The clinical Alcoholism Interview Schedule (CAIS) is being developed as a standardized instrument for initial assessment of alcoholic patients and as a research tool. Fifty questions cover key areas of clinical concern, and accompanying guidelines describe the method of administration. An initial study of inter-rater reliability has been conducted with five raters independently rating taped interviews with each of ten patients. Agreement was assessed both by percentage agreement and by weighted Kappa. Detailed results, which are presented, in general show a fairly satisfactory level of reliability except for certain identified items which include the Jellinek classification of type of alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Autolysins and shape change in rodA mutants of Bacillus subtilis.

The biochemical phenotype of rodA mutants was not affected by the simultaneous presence in double mutants of the lyt gene which makes them 90 to 95% deficient in autolysin action. The only morphological effect of this deficiency on the expression of the rod gene was that both the rod and the coccal forms of the mutant failed to separate and grew as long chains of cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis stopped the increase in peptidoglycan that occurred when the growth temperature for the mutants was raised to 45 degrees C. These observations support the idea that a derepression of peptidoglycan synthesis occurs at this temperature. The increased amount of cellular peptidoglycan at the higher growth temperature is not likely to be the result of the concomitant switching off of autolytic enzyme action.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1978

Sounds of music.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The epidemiology of recurrent otitis media.

Nearly one-half of 165 children with episodes of acute otitis media had at least one recurrent acute episode within the year. Males had significantly more recurrences. Most (60 per cent) of the recurrent episodes occurred within four months of the index episode. Hearing loss persisted beyond two weeks in 8 per cent of testable children. This experience suggests that prophylactic antibiotic use within the first few months after an episode of acute otitis media in young children should be evaluated.

Acute Disease↗