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Biomedical subjects

C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C Taylor.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nonobstructive hydrocolpos: sonographic appearance and differential diagnosis.

Hydrocolpos in the pediatric patient almost invariably occurs secondary to fluid distending the vaginal canal proximal to an obstructive lesion, usually an imperforate hymen. There are, however, other causes for fluid filling and sometimes markedly distending the vagina; many of these are not pathologic. Sonographically, fluid in the vaginal canal often has a confusing appearance and may be mistaken for a pathologic mass. Ways of differentiating hydrocolpos from other normal and abnormal pelvic fluid collections are described. Five adult patients are presented who showed a varied sonographic spectrum of nonobstructive hydrocolpos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Coccidia of feral swine from Florida.

Fecal samples from 251 free-ranging feral swine (Sus scrofa) in Florida were examined for coccidia. Ten species of coccidia were recovered. In descending order with respect to prevalence, they were Eimeria porci, E debliecki, E neodebliecki, E scarbra, E suis, E cerdonis, E polita, E perminuta, Isospora suis, and E spinosa. Of the swine examined, 87% were passing oocysts and 82% of the infected individuals were shedding at least 2 species of coccidia. All age classes included infected individuals. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence were found among study sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia: a syndrome that can be confused with thyrotoxicosis.

We investigated 15 euthyroid patients from eight families with a recently recognized syndrome, familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH), that could be mistaken for thyrotoxicosis. The syndrome is characterized by elevations in serum thyroxine and the free-thyroxine index (FT4l), which are due to an abnormal serum albumin that preferentially binds thyroxine. This albumin has an abnormal binding site with a much greater affinity for thyroxine (relative to its affinity for triiodothyronine) than that of the hormone-binding site on thyroxine-binding globulin. Results of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid-suppression tests, as well as direct measurements of the free-thyroxine concentration by equilibrium dialysis, are normal in these patients, although the serum triiodothyronine concentration may be slightly elevated. Although its prevalence is uncertain, FDH may be more common than suspected; we have seen 26 cases within the past year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism.

A comparison was made between the efficacy of eight laboratory tests and three rapid interviews in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism among 385 psychiatric patients. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the best of the laboratory tests, detected only a third of those consuming more than 16 "drinks" per day or independently diagnosed as alcoholic. In contrast, the Brief MAST, the Cage, and the Reich interviews each identified nine out of ten alcoholics, and the Cage and Reich interviews detected 93% and 98% of excessive drinkers respectively. The three interviews, each of which takes less than 1 min to administer, have considerable potential for use in the routine screening of high-risk groups, such as hospital patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Recognition of HLA-B27 and related antigen by a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to HLA-B27, B7, and B22 is described. Binding to B27 appeared to be slightly stronger than to B7 and stronger than to B22 in an indirect binding assay, but no difference in B7 and B27 binding could be detected by Scatchard analysis. No distinction could be made between B27 on cells from normal and from ankylosing spondylitis patients in any assay system. The antibody, which was not cytotoxic, blocked complement-dependent cytolysis mediated by human HLA typing sera specific for B7 and B27. Competitive binding studies with other monoclonal antibodies showed that ME1 could block the binding of antibodies that recognized different antigenic sites on HLA. ME1 did not bind to Klebsiella pneumoniae. This reagent will be useful in further analysis of the relationship between B27 and ankylosing spondylitis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Purification and characterization of two phage PBSX-induced lytic enzymes of Bacillus subtilis 168: an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and an N-acetylmuramidase.

After heat-induction of the defective phage PBSX in a xhi-1479 mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168, the culture lysed rapidly even if the lyt-2 mutation was present (which greatly reduces the amount of the bacterial autolysins). Two lytic enzymes, an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and an endo-N-acetylmuramidase, were purified from the culture supernatant. The amidase was readily distinguished from the bacterial amidase by its low molecular weight. In addition, it was not inhibited by antibody directed against the bacterial enzyme. These results indicate that PBSX does not rely on the bacterial autolysins to accomplish lysis.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1981

Demyelination with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis of the CNS.

A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with central nervous system involvement in an infant is presented. Marked demyelination of cerebral and cerebellar white matter is associated with an intense histiocytic infiltrations and astrogliosis. Histiocytes phagocytic of erythrocytes and lymphocytes are noted in a meningeal, subependymal, and perivascular distribution. Severe depletion of lymphoid tissue, associated with histiocytic infiltration, is also seen in multiple organs. While the etiology of this disease is unknown, alterations in the immune response and possible viral relationships are explored.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Smoking habits of men and women.

The smoking habits of 1501 cigarette smokers attending 28 general practitioners in five group practices in London were assessed. Prevalence of smoking, daily cigarette consumption, and the use of cigars, untipped cigarettes, and hand-rolled cigarettes were lower in the women. After controlling for consumption the proportions of men and women who smoked every day were similar. Women who smoked 20 or more a day were similar to men in their self-reported inhaling habits and use of low-nicotine cigarettes. The results suggest that women differ from men in those aspects of smoking that are determined predominantly by social factors but that their smoking habits become similar when pharmacological motivation takes over. This apparently occurs when consumption reaches about 20 cigarettes a day, when smoking almost inevitably becomes a regular event and the sex differences disappear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Secretion of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors and antibody in human milk throughout lactation.

Neutralising inhibitors to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus have been demonstrated in the whey of most samples of human milk tested. Although high titres were secreted in colostra of some mothers (1/10-1/2,560; median 1/40) inhibitor levels in milk collected after the first week of lactation were uniformly low (median 1/10). High neutralising titres correlated with high colostral levels of specific antiviral IgA but, unlike neutralising activity, IgA antiviral antibody persisted in the milk of only four of 18 mothers. Similarly, antiviral IgG and IgM antibodies were not generally detected after the first post-partum week. Differences in antibody secretion among mothers did not correlate with differences in total protein or total immunoglobulin secretion, and appeared to reflect maternal immune status. In one mother a marked rise in specific antiviral IgA and IgG secretions during the second and third months of lactation suggested a response to virus infection. The relevance of maternal immunity and colostral and milk antiviral antibody to protection of breast-fed babies from RS-virus bronchiolitis is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗