Biomedical subjects

C T Beck

Publications and source records attributed to C T Beck.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A checklist to identify women at risk for developing postpartum depression.

This article describes the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory, a checklist to identify women at risk for developing this devastating illness. Postpartum depression wreaks havoc not only on mothers, but also on their entire families. Researchers have reported that postpartum depression has a moderate to large adverse effect on mother-infant interaction. Children older than 1 year whose mothers had postpartum depression have been reported to display more behavioral problems and cognitive deficits than children of mothers who were not depressed. It is crucial to identify and treat women with postpartum depression as early as possible. This problem often continues due to lack of identification. Identifying women at risk and providing early treatment interventions are the first steps in dealing with this problem.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative research: methodologies and use in pediatric nursing.

With the increasing number of qualitative research studies being published in nursing journals, pediatric nurses need to understand the different qualitative research methodologies in order to adequately critique these studies and utilize the findings in their clinical practice. Three of the most prominent methodologies in qualitative research are discussed: phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Examples of published qualitative research in pediatric nursing are described to illustrate each of the three methodologies.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Statistical power analysis in pediatric nursing research.

Pediatric nurse researchers take a serious risk when they design an intervention study with insufficient power. In an underpowered study, the researcher may be testing a genuinely effective treatment but fail to recognize its efficacy. In the first part of this article, the concept of power analysis and how to perform a statistical power analysis are addressed. The second half of this article includes a review of published nursing research studies for the past 5 years in three nursing research journals. Specific examples of pediatric nursing research are highlighted. This review revealed a neglect of power analysis. Nurse researchers need to pay greater attention to statistical power analysis. It is an essential procedure for researchers to use before conducting a study.

Bias↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Grounded theory: overview and application in pediatric nursing.

The grounded theory approach is a valuable research method in pediatric nursing for understanding and explaining human experience. In the first part of this article the steps involved in the grounded theory method are described, with illustrations from published grounded theory in pediatric nursing. The application of grounded theory in pediatric nursing is the focus of the second section of this article. The results of a CD-ROM data base search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1983 to 1995 are summarized to identify grounded theory research in pediatric nursing conducted during those years.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Maternity blues research: a critical review.

Maternity blues research from 1962, when the first study was published, to the present is critically evaluated. Each study that met the sample criteria was judged against the following categories: measurement, research designs, sampling, and clinical description. Two major weaknesses in blues research were identified: (1) lack of standardized instruments for the measurement of the incidence, severity, and duration of the blues and (2) inconsistencies in research design.

Depressive Disorder↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Item response theory in affective instrument development: an illustration.

The benefits of item response theory (IRT) analysis in obtaining empirical support for construct validity make it an essential step in the instrument development process. IRT analysis can result in finer construct interpretations that lead to more thorough descriptions of low- and high-scoring respondents. A critical function of IRT is its ability to determine the adequacy with which the attitude continuum underlying each dimension is assessed by the respective items in an instrument. Many nurse researchers, however, are not reaping the benefits of IRT in the development of affective instruments. The purpose of this article is to familiarize nurse researchers with this valuable approach through a description of the Facets computer program. Facets uses a one parameter (i.e., item difficulty) Rasch measurement model. Data from a survey of 525 new mothers that assessed the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale are used to illustrate the Facets program. It is hoped that IRT will gain increased prominence in affective instrument development as more nurse researchers become aware of computer programs such as Facets to assist in analysis.

Affect↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The lived experience of postpartum depression: a phenomenological study.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of postpartum depression. Seven mothers who had suffered from postpartum depression were interviewed regarding their subjective experiences. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of phenomenology. Forty-five significant statements were extracted and clustered into 11 themes. These results were integrated into the essential structure of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression was a living nightmare filled with uncontrollable anxiety attacks, consuming guilt, and obsessive thinking. Mothers contemplated not only harming themselves but also their infants. The mothers were enveloped in loneliness and the quality of their lives was further compromised by a lack of emotions and all previous interests. Fear that their lives would never return to normal was all-encompassing.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of postpartum depression on maternal-infant interaction: a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis of 19 studies was conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect of postpartum depression on maternal-infant interaction during the first year after delivery. Maternal-infant interaction was divided into three subcategories: maternal interactive behavior, infant interactive behavior, and dyadic interactive behavior. Substantive, methodological, and miscellaneous variables were extracted and coded by both the researcher and two research assistants. Combinations were calculated as unweighted, weighted by sample size, and weighted by the quality index score. Effects for maternal interactive behavior ranged from .32 to .36 for the r index, .68 to .78 for the d index, and .33 to .38 for the Fischer's Z. For infant interactive behavior, effects ranged from .35 to .38, .75 to .83, and .37 to .41 for the r, d, and Fisher's Z indexes, respectively. Effects for dyadic interactive behavior ranged from .47 to .50 for the r index, 1.07 to 1.15 for the d index, and .51 to .55 for Fisher's Z. Results of the meta-analysis indicate that postpartum depression has a moderate to large effect on maternal-infant interaction. Nursing interventions for depressed mother-infant dyads during the first year after delivery are addressed.

Depression, Postpartum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Teetering on the edge: a substantive theory of postpartum depression.

Using the grounded theory method, a substantive theory of postpartum depression was developed. Data were obtained through participant observation in a postpartum depression support group over an 18-month period. In addition, 12 in-depth taped interviews were conducted with mothers who had attended the support group. Analysis of the data by the constant comparative method revealed loss of control as the basic social psychological problem. Women suffering from postpartum depression attempted to cope with the problem of loss of control through the four-stage process of teetering on the edge. The stages that emerged from the data included (a) encountering terror, (b) dying of self, (c) struggling to survive, and (d) regaining control.

Adaptation, Psychological↗