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Biomedical subjects

C Sutton

Publications and source records attributed to C Sutton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Demographics of an epileptic population.

The demographic data of 100 people with epilepsy were compared with established information concerning the community in which they lived. No real difference was identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Regulation of ribosome phosphorylation and antibiotic sensitivity in Tetrahymena thermophila: A correlation.

Tetrahymena thermophila cells transferred from growth medium into a dilute salt (starvation) medium shortly (approximately 6-8 hrs) become more resistant to the in vivo inhibitory effects of the antibiotics cycloheximide, tetracycline and emetine. They also be come more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of paromomycin and anisomycin. By comparing ribosomes from growing and starved cells we have found that for at least two of these drugs differences between growing cell and starved cell ribosomes exist with respect to drug-ribosome interactions. In addition, we found that isolated monosomic ribosomes from starved cells are more resistant to thermal denaturation than are monosomic ribosomes from growing cells. The kinetics of all these changes following transfer of growing cells to starvation medium is the same and correlates with a change in the extent of phosphorylation of a single small subunit ribosomal protein. As judged by our in vitro assays, enzymatic removal of this phosphate converts "starved cell" ribosomes into "growing cell" ribosomes. We have extended these studies to show that the phenomenon of drug adaptation in Tetrahymena, at least with respect to cycloheximide, is associated with this ribosome phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of therapists by patients with epilepsy.

Fifty-three patients were asked to nominate the most important person treating their epilepsy and asked to give suggestions for improving treatment. One-third of patients named the neuro-specialist as the prime therapist, although there was considerable dissatisfaction expressed concerning the neuro-specialists' manner of communicating. The majority of suggestions for improving treatment reflected a desire for greater rapport between doctor and patient. More open communication would form the basis for increased patient knowledge of epilepsy and greater opportunity for the doctor to consider the important psycho-social aspects of his patients' condition.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1980

Immunological modification of adriamycin cardiotoxicity.

Adriamycin-specific antibody has been shown to increase the survival of mice receiving an acute cardiotoxic dose of adriamycin. The concentrations of adriamycin in heart tissue were reduced and those in tumor elevated for more than 2 days in animals that received the antibody. The adriamycin-specific antibody prevented and reversed adriamycin inhibition of cardiac microsomal Na-K ATPase.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Practical approach to problems of the parturient diabetic in developing countries.

Improved management of diabetic pregnancies at Lautoka Hospital, Fiji, in 1976 resulted in a neonatal survival rate of 100%. Management included attempts to control the maternal blood glucose concentrations with insulin and delaying delivery until there was enough surfactant in the liquor to ensure a viable infant. The techniques are simple to use and require only minimal technological facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A short-term, intensive workshop approach for the treatment of human sexual inadequacy.

A rapid treatment approach to common sexual dysfunctions has been used in treating 59 couples, including 74 symptomatic individuals. Using a multidisciplinary team approach in an intensive 2 1/2 day workshop format, symptom improvement has been obtained in 86.5% of the dysfunctional individuals, with complete symptom reversal in 63.5%. The intensive workshop format has resulted in a saving of both patient and professional time and is seen as a viable and successful alternative to more time-consuming approaches of treating various sexual dysfunctions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quit Today! A targeted communications campaign to increase use of the cancer information service by African American smokers.

BACKGROUND: African Americans have traditionally made little use of the Cancer Information Service (CIS), an information and education program of the National Cancer Institute, for smoking cessation assistance. This study evaluated whether a targeted communications campaign utilizing strategically placed radio and television advertisements in combination with community outreach could lead more adult African American smokers to call the CIS for smoking cessation information and materials. METHODS: Fourteen communities, served by four CIS regional offices, were carefully matched on demographic variables and then randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Six radio advertisements targeting African American smokers to call the CIS for help in quitting smoking were developed and pretested for three different black-oriented formats. One television spot also was produced and pretested. The audio portion of the television ad was utilized as a seventh radio spot for the general programming formats. These advertisements were placed on selected radio and television stations reaching predominantly African American adult audiences. Also, copies of a videotape designed to motivate African American smokers to quit and to call the CIS for help in quitting were widely disseminated through community-based organizations in each experimental market. The aim was to increase the number and proportion of quitting-related calls to the CIS from African Americans within experimental communities. RESULTS: The call volume from African American smokers was significantly higher in the experimental communities than in the control communities (P < 0.008). The call rate from African American men was higher than typically observed. Overall, African Americans in the experimental communities reported radio more often than television as the way they heard about the CIS. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that paid targeted advertising, using radio as a primary channel, is an effective method of reaching an underserved population at risk. Future research directions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A self-help intervention for African American smokers: tailoring cancer information service counseling for a special population.

BACKGROUND: African Americans remain a critically underserved group for smoking cessation interventions. This study tested the effectiveness of a tailored, culturally sensitive intervention for African American smokers who called the NCI Cancer Information Service (CIS) for help to quit smoking. METHODS: This paper presents results of a 2-year study of tailored counseling strategies among African American smokers (n = 1,422) who called four regional CIS offices in response to a radio-based media campaign in 14 communities. Callers were randomly assigned to receive either the standard CIS quit smoking counseling and guide (Clearing the Air) or counseling and a guide (Pathways to Freedom) tailored to the quitting needs and barriers of African American smokers. Callers were predominantly female (63.6%). ages 20-49 (88%), with a high school education or more (84%). Median smoking history was 17 years; median smoking rate was 20 cigarettes/day. Standard (n = 689) and Tailored (n = 733) group subjects did not differ on most baseline measures. RESULTS: On most measures, Standard and Tailored counseling/guides received similar ratings, but the Tailored guide was rated as having more appealing photos (P = 0.001) and as being more appropriate for family members (P = 0.003). Six-month follow-up with 893 subjects (response rates were 63% Standard, 62% Tailored, ns) showed significantly more quit attempts (P = 0.002) and greater use of prequitting strategies (P < 0.05) among Tailored than among Standard subjects, but no differences in self-reported 1-week abstinence (14.4% Standard, 16.2% Tailored) (ns). An opportunistic 12-month follow-up of subjects recruited in the last year of the study (n = 445) (response rates were 57% Standard, 60% Tailored, ns) showed a significantly higher quit rate (15.4% Standard, 25.0% Tailored) for Tailored subjects (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Results show promise for tailored approaches to boost quit attempts and success rates among African American smokers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methotrexate-resistant form of dihydrofolate reductase protects transgenic murine embryos from teratogenic effects of methotrexate.

Methotrexate, a potent inhibitor of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, induces limb and facial anomalies that resemble vascular disruptions in their evolution and final outcome. Previous studies suggest that inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase is responsible for methotrexate-induced embryopathy, although specific sites of methotrexate activity have not been well defined. In this report, we show that constitutive expression of a methotrexate-resistant form of dihydrofolate reductase in transgenic embryos and their placentas ameliorates methotrexate teratogenicity. However, expression of the transgene in maternal tissues had no significant protective effect. The results confirm the role of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition in the pathogenesis of methotrexate-induced birth defects and provide a foundation for future studies of targeted transgene expression in select embryonic or placental cell populations.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗