Effect of donor hepatitis C on liver graft survival.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Graft Rejection↗
Biomedical subjects
C Stewart
Publications and source records attributed to C Stewart.
32P-postlabelling analysis of DNA adducts and EROD induction as biomarkers of genotoxin exposure in dab (Limanda limanda) from British coastal waters.
Dab (Limanda limanda) were sampled from a number of polluted and unpolluted areas in British coastal waters. The 32P-postlabelling assay was used to analyse the level of aromatic/hydrophobic DNA adducts in pooled samples of liver tissue. The mean levels of DNA adducts detected from areas known to receive anthropogenic pollutants ranged from 4.0 to 26.8 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, with all sites containing samples displaying DNA adduct profiles consisting of diagonal radioactive zones. In contrast no DNA adducts were detectable in samples from an unpolluted reference site. The ranking of polluted sites based on DNA adduct levels did not correspond with the ranking of sites based on sediment associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels, highlighting the problem of linking the presence of contamination with detectable biological responses. No correlation could be found in this study between EROD activity and the level of DNA adducts.
Animals↗
Generating ideas for research: an Australian research experience.
Recent changes in the educational system and career developments in Australia have provided Australian clinical nurses with an opportunity to conduct research in their practice. In this article, the nursing staff of an Australian gastroenterology unit describe their experience in defining a research project.
Australia↗
Inadequacy of prehospital emergency care.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Social support and the elderly client.
The elderly have a higher risk of experiencing less social support because of role losses and changes associated with aging and chronic disease processes, and there is pressure from third-party payors to reduce the length of home healthcare services. Few studies have examined patients' instrumental social support after discharge from home healthcare. Therefore, this descriptive study examined instrumental social support of discharged home healthcare clients (N = 57) who were older than 65 years old, using a telephone interview and retrospective record review. The purposes were to investigate (1) source and number of sources of received support based on age, gender, marital status, race, and functional ability; (2) whether source of support was associated with physical and mental health outcomes; (3) whether clients' perception of need for more support was associated with physical and mental health outcomes. The results indicated that the number of sources of social support was associated with clients' gender, marital status; and functional status; trends toward improvements in mental and physical health outcomes were associated with support provided by friends and neighbors.
Age Factors↗
Growth hormone treatment in growth retarded children with end stage renal failure: effect on free/dissociable IGF-I levels.
Growth retardation in children with endstage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with normal to slightly low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and increased concentrations of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in serum. Consequently, IGF-I bioactivity is reduced in serum from uremic patients presumably due to a decrease in the concentration of free IGF-I. Improvement of linear growth with growth hormone (GH) treatment of uremic children is thought to be due to increased IGF-I/IGFBP ratio, thus resulting in increased free IGF-I levels during treatment. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether free/dissociable IGF-I levels are in fact low in uremic children and whether increased growth velocity during GH treatment is associated with an increase in the free IGF-I concentration. Serum total and free/dissociable IGF-I concentrations were measured in 5 children with ESRD before and during treatment with GH, and in control children matched for age, pubertal status, and body mass index. Height velocity increased from 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm/yr to 6.5 +/- 1.2 cm/yr with an increment in height SDS at the end of the first year of GH treatment. Free/dissociable IGF-I concentrations tended to be lower in uremic children compared to control children (3.0 +/- 0.3 vs 7.3 +/- 2.1 micrograms/l, respectively). During GH treatment, free/dissociable IGF-I levels increased significantly to 8.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/l at 3 months and 6.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/l at 6-24 months, p < 0.05 compared to pretreatment. Total IGF-I levels were 243 +/- 18 micrograms/l in children with ESRD before treatment and these values also increased during GH treatment (740 +/- 114 micrograms/l at 3 months and 442 +/- 44 micrograms/l at 6-24 months, p < 0.05, compared to pretreatment). Total IGF-I concentration in the control group was 439 +/- 114 micrograms/l. These results support the hypothesis that growth retardation in children with chronic renal failure is associated with a reduction in the concentration of free, biologically available IGF-I, and that increased growth velocity during GH treatment of these children is associated with restoration of free IGF-I concentrations.
Body Height↗
Cardiology update. The cutting edge.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cardiac Catheterization↗
Living aids: wheelchair evaluation and prescription.
This article reviews the assessment procedure for patients who require a wheelchair. The author, a medical specialist in prosthetics and orthotics, describes the important physical and social factors which must be considered, and defines what equipment is available from the National Health Service and elsewhere.
Aged↗
Influence of antioxidants and the CYP1A1 isoleucine to valine polymorphism on the smoking--lung cancer association.
To evaluate the association between CYP1A1 genotype and lung cancer risk and to assess the effect of CYP1A1 genotype and antioxidant supplementation on the smoking--lung cancer relationship we conducted a case-control study nested within a large cancer prevention trial cohort. Controls (n = 324) were matched to cases (n = 282) on age (+/- 5 years), intervention group and study clinic in a 1:1 ratio, using incidence density sampling. Genotype was determined by a PCR-based method and logistic regression was used to calculate relative risk estimates. Overall, we found no association between CYP1A1 genotype and lung cancer risk. CYP1A1 genotype did not modify the effect of smoking on lung cancer risk. However, in an examination of subgroups defined by randomized intervention assignment our findings suggest that alpha-tocopherol supplementation may reduce the risk of lung cancer associated with cumulative smoking exposure regardless of CYP1A1 genotype with the greatest effect seen among those with the variant CYP1A1 allele.
Aged↗
A comparison of biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment of EGFR expression in ovarian cancer.
The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was determined both by immunohistochemistry and ligand binding assay in 118 samples from 96 cases of ovarian cancer. EGFR was present in 47.5% of tumours biochemically and in 39.8% of tumours analysed immunohistochemically. The concordance rate for the techniques varied between 40% in endometrioid carcinomas to 85.7% in undifferentiated carcinomas with an overall concordance of 69.5% (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the presence of the high, low or high plus low affinity receptor components and tumour immunoreactivity. Although the ligand binding assay is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry for detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor, some cases are positive only on immunohistochemical screening. We would recommend that both techniques should be performed in prospective studies in order to elucidate the role of EGFR expression in ovarian cancer.
Cell Membrane↗
Mechanical induction of Osteogenesis. Preliminary studies.
The animal model developed in the Soviet Union by Ilizarov has been reliably reproduced by us for the mechanical induction of osteogenesis using slow distraction. Our preliminary studies in six adult dogs indicate that this osteogenesis originates from well-structured intramembranous ossification, with rapid maturation to lamellar bone, indistinguishable from surrounding host bone. Mineralization increases steadily, reaching critical levels for radiographic visualization between Days 21 and 28. In this model, the osteogenic area then exceeds normal bone density temporarily but returns to normal density within three months. Distraction for 28 consecutive days (at 0.25 millimeters every six hours using rigid transfixion wires, as Ilizarov describes) reliably lengthened the tibiae by 12 percent, increasing mass by 27 percent, and volume by 26 percent with only a one percent change in overall density. The process required four months to add 24 millimeters of mature, lamellar bone capable of full weight-bearing by the dogs. This rate of osteogenesis, estimated at 202 microns per day, is four times faster than a human's fastest growth plate (child's distal femur at 50 microns per day). Calcium/collagen ratios did not differ significantly from normal bone controls.
Animals↗
An experiment in job sharing for the clinical nurse specialist.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Employment↗
Refractive surgery and the athlete.
1. Athletes and medical professionals alike need to understand the basic methods of the new techniques, limitations, and benefits in refractive surgery as the field continues to offer new avenues in optical correction. 2. Wearing the appropriate protective eye wear is crucial to the health of the eyes, regardless of whether surgery has already been performed. The eyes are vulnerable to a variety of potential injuries, and proper care should be taken when participating in sports, especially for those who have undergone eye surgery. 3. The four basic surgical procedures presently in common practice each offer their own unique advantages to improving eyesight, and each has differing risks and residuals involved in the procedures.
Corneal Transplantation↗
Inhibition of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 activity and metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK by capsaicin and ellagic acid.
The tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, is metabolically activated by microsomal enzymes. In this study, we examined the effect of capsaicin and ellagic acid on the in vitro metabolism of NNK by hamster and rat liver microsomes. Capsaicin is the principal component of Capsicum fruits used widely throughout the world as a food additive. Ellagic acid, with reported anticarcinogenic properties, is found in various soft fruits and nuts. Both capsaicin and ellagic acid inhibited the major pathways of NNK-reduction, N-pyridine oxidation and a-hydroxylation by hamster liver microsomes. Capsaicin inhibited NNK-reduction and a-hydroxylation and ellagic acid inhibited N-oxidation and a-hydroxylation by rat liver microsomes. The effects of capsaicin and ellagic acid on isozymes of cytochrome P450 were observed in the hydroxylation reactions of the metabolism of the steroid hormone testosterone. Results of these experiments indicated that both capsaicin and ellagic acid strongly inhibited the constitutive enzymes CYP 2A2, 3A1, 2C11, 2B1, 2B2 and 2C6. This study suggests that capsaicin and ellagic acid, as naturally occurring dietary constituents, possess antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties through the inhibition of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
Animals↗