Optimal conditions for the epimerization of 5 -androstane-3 , 17 -diol induced by follicle stimulating hormone in immature rat ovary.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
C Springer
Publications and source records attributed to C Springer.
Cost-benefit analysis of a national screening programme for cystic fibrosis in an Israeli population.
The recently acquired ability to identify 97% of CF carriers in an Israeli Ashkenazi population, prompts an evaluation of a nationwide screening programme. In 1993, the programme would first screen and counsel 9,261 parents, then 396 spouses of carrier parents and finally screen 16.5 fetuses where both parents are carriers. Assuming 92% of screened parents choose abortion of fetus screened positive, 2.33 cases of CF will be prevented in 1993 at a direct cost of $781,000. The $326,000 direct costs of preventing a CF case, exceed the lifetime excess direct costs per case of $297,000. However, benefits of screening also accrue to subsequent pregnancies, resulting in a direct benefit ($14.45 million) to cost ($10.39 million) ratio of 1.39/1 for the period 1993-2032. When benefits and costs resulting from mortality changes, work absences and transport costs are included, the benefit ($15.95 million) to cost ($13.88 million) ratio falls to 1.15/1. Benefit-cost ratios are lower for other ethnic groups in Israel, due to lower carrier rates and lower mutation detection abilities. A CF screening programme will increase the freedom of individuals choice, but should be carried out carefully in order to minimize stigmatization and even discrimination against CF carriers.
Abortion, Eugenic↗
Is there a place for rigid bronchoscopy in the management of pediatric lung disease?
A review of 364 rigid bronchoscopies in children is presented of whom 55% were younger than 3 years old. The commonest diagnoses in the under 1 year old group were related to congenital anomalies, in the 1-3 year group to inhaled foreign bodies, and in the over 3 year group to bronchiectasis. It is noted that some 30-40% of the tests could have been undertaken with a flexible bronchoscope, but it is suggested that the advantages of the flexible instrument in children with lung disease, as distinct from upper airway disease, are less than in adult practice. Clear benefits for the management of the patient should be obvious before undertaking bronchoscopy in children, and careful consideration should be given to the type of instrument most likely to provide the results desired.
Adolescent↗