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Biomedical subjects

C Springer

Publications and source records attributed to C Springer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Increased bronchial responsiveness to exercise and histamine after allergen challenge in children with asthma.

Nonspecific bronchial reactivity to exercise and histamine was measured in nine children with asthma before and within nine days after allergen inhalation. All patients developed an immediate fall in FEV1 of greater than or equal to 16% after allergen inhalation, and five children also developed a definite late asthmatic response with a fall in peak expiratory flow of greater than or equal to 14% after 3 to 8 hours. Mean postexercise fall in FEV1 (delta FEV1) of the whole group was significantly greater after allergen challenge compared with that of control subjects (29 +/- 6% and 16 +/- 4%; p = 0.013). There was no change in refractoriness to repeated exercise after allergen challenge. The mean provocation concentration of histamine causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% of the whole group was less after allergen challenge compared with that of control subjects (0.47 +/- 0.18 and 0.62 +/- 0.13), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Of the five children with late allergen reactions, all demonstrated increased histamine sensitivity, and all four children who developed definite exercise-induced asthma also demonstrated increased sensitivity to exercise. Of the four children without late allergen reactions, none demonstrated increase histamine sensitivity, but two of the three children with definite exercise-induced asthma demonstrated increased sensitivity to exercise. It may be that sensitivity to exercise is more easily affected by nonspecific reactivity than sensitivity to histamine. It is concluded that increased bronchial responsiveness to both exercise and histamine occur after allergen provocation in patients with asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Upper airway obstruction in Hunter syndrome.

Patients with Hunter syndrome may have symptoms of hoarseness, stridor and breathing difficulties as a result of laryngeal and tracheal involvement. In planning their evaluation, we must prefer non-invasive methods as X-ray or CT scan, and avoid doing endotracheal intubation or bronchoscopies. Review of adult cases in the literature and description of the only case of a child with Hunter syndrome having life-threatening complications of his upper airways is discussed in this report. In this case and in the literature we cannot exclude intubation or bronchoscopy as a serious aggravating factor, causing further narrowing of the larynx.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1986

Nemaline myopathy as a cause of sleep hypoventilation.

Two siblings, a 14.5-year-old boy and his 11.5-year-old sister, with congenital nemaline myopathy presented with severe respiratory failure and, in the case of the older patient, with cor pulmonale and systemic hypertension. The children were treated initially by continuous mechanical ventilation, but after a few weeks they only required ventilation at night. At the start of treatment, both were found to have a decreased ventilatory response to CO2 which apparently improved during 4 to 5 years of follow-up treatment. It has not been possible to wean them from nocturnal mechanical ventilation, but during the daytime they attend school and function almost normally. It is postulated that respiratory failure in nemaline myopathy may not be related to the severity of the muscle weakness but may result from a disturbance of the feedback required for normal control of breathing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical, physiologic, and psychologic comparison of treatment by cromolyn or theophylline in childhood asthma.

Treatment of chronic perennial childhood asthma with cromolyn sodium (CS) or long-acting theophylline (LAT) was compared in 13 children by a double-blind, cross-over trial in which each drug was administered for 4 wk. LAT was administered twice daily in individual doses to elicit adequate blood levels (mean 14.0 +/- 1.6 SEM, micrograms per milliliters). Powdered CS was administered by inhalation in a dose of 20 mg four times daily. The patients were followed by means of a daily symptom and drug consumption diary and twice daily peak flow measurements. A series of psychologic studies were performed in the third week of each month. Exercise and histamine bronchial provocation tests were performed at the end of each month. There were no significant differences between the month in which CS was taken and the month in which LAT was taken in terms of diary scores, peak flow rates, additional drug consumption, or in bronchial reactivity to exercise or histamine at the end of each month. The results of psychologic tests reflecting visual-spatial planning were significantly better for the four children receiving CS with lower IQ scores (87 to 105) but not for the nine children with higher IQ scores (111 to 134). The possibility that the psychologic performance of children with lower intelligence may be adversely affected by theophylline requires further evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

False diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation caused by misplacement of umbilical artery catheter.

We have described two cases in which persistent fetal circulation was mistakenly diagnosed because umbilical artery catheters were placed in too high a position. In one case, repeated doses of tolazoline were given unnecessarily. While high placement of umbilical artery catheters is commonly accepted, misplacement may not always be apparent on routine AP chest films taken to confirm catheter positioning.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

Heparinization of alimentation solutions administered through peripheral veins in premature infants: a controlled study.

A randomized controlled study was done to determine whether the addition of heparin (1 U/mL) to peripheral intravenous alimentation solutions would affect the incidence of phlebitis and duration of patency of intravenous catheters in premature infants. Twenty-two-gauge Teflon catheters were uniformly used. One hundred five catheters infused with heparin were placed in 13 infants, and 122 catheters were placed in the control group of 13 infants. The time, nature, and incidence of complications were noted for each infusion site. Infusion of heparin was found to double the duration of patency of intravenous catheters and to reduce significantly the incidence of phlebitis. No complications related to the administration of heparin were noted. Heparinization of intravenous alimentation solutions should therefore be considered in premature infants as a means of reducing the work load and incidence of complications associated with peripheral lines.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Bronchoscopy and bronchography in children. Experience with 110 investigations.

The results of 92 bronchoscopic examinations and 18 bronchograms in infants and children performed during a two-year period were reviewed. Of 62 patients with suspected foreign-body aspiration, the diagnosis was confirmed in 36 (58%); of 18 patients mainly suspected of having congenital anomalies, a positive diagnosis was made in 12 (66%); but of nine patients with lobar atelectasis only two had abnormal findings. In three patients a transbronchial biopsy specimen did not provide diagnostic material. Bronchography for suspected localized bronchiectasis was performed in 11 patients and a positive diagnosis was made in seven. In all seven patients suspected of having congenital anomalies, bronchography provided a definitive diagnosis. There was no mortality and morbidity was minimal but three patients died of their primary disease. Nearly 60% of the investigations yielded abnormal results, but many of the normal findings were of equal clinical value.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1982

5 alpha-reductase activity in human fetal testis.

Human fetal testis (32-weeks-old) homogenates were incubated with [3H]pregnenolone and [3H]progesterone in the presence of cofactors. 2. Following incubation, radioactive products were separated and identified by chromatographic procedures, derivative formation and recrystallization to constant 3H/14C ratio. 3. The enzyme activity of 5 alpha-reductase in the 10,000 g supernatant was measured. 4. The fetuses' testes convert about 30% of [3H]pregnenolone mainly to [3H]androst-5-ene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and [3H]-3 beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17-one, and none or very small amounts of 5 alpha-reduced steroids could be measured. 5. Preincubation treatment of the 10,000 g supernatant (with charcoal or with 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase preparation yields DHT as one of the metabolites which was identified, and a considerable 5 alpha-reductase activity which obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics was measured.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacology of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in newborn infants.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were measured in 12 newborn infants of less than 3 days postnatal age, following a single or repeated intravenous injection. The mean half-lives for SMZ and TMP were 16.5 hours and 19.0 hours, respectively. The mean volumes of distribution were SMZ 0.48 L/kg and TMP 2.7 L/kg. The mean drug clearances were SMZ 0.65 ml/minute and TMP 3.31 ml/minute. From these data the recommended loading dose is SMZ 10 mg/kg with TMP 3 mg/kg, and the maintenance dose is SMZ 3 mg/kg with TMP 1 mg/kg twice daily. No adverse side effects were seen during treatment, and the bilirubin-binding capacity of albumin were not changed at therapeutic concentrations of the antimicrobial drugs.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗