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Biomedical subjects

C Servadio

Publications and source records attributed to C Servadio.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prevention of post-hysterectomy urinary retention by alpha-adrenergic blocker.

Micturition difficulties and urinary retention are common complications after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Adrenergic receptors are located in the bladder neck and proximal urethra, and blocking these receptors with alpha-blockers such as phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) may improve micturition and prevent postoperative urinary retention. In a randomized clinical trial, 51 patients who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, received a prophylactic dose of Dibenzyline 10 micrograms orally 6-8 hours after operation and again the next day about 18 hours later. Only 2 of the 51 patients were found to have urinary retention, in comparison with 9 of 48 patients in the control group (p less than 0.05). Another group of patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy were treated according to the same protocol. Eight of the 30 patients in this study group required catheterization to drain the overdistended bladder, in comparison with 16 of 26 patients in the control group (p less than 0.025). It seems from this clinical trial that prophylactic treatment with Dibenzyline is recommended after abdominal hysterectomy or vaginal operation in order to improve micturition and prevent urinary retention.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Deoxyribonuclease activity in human seminal fluid.

Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity was examined in the whole and two split fractions of human seminal fluid from normospermic, oligozoospermic, and azoospermic origins as well as in sonicates of isolated sperm after freezing and thawing of samples and at various pH values of substrates. The method consisted in the measurement of digested areas in plates containing herring sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). No correlation was found between DNase activity (875 +/- 22 (SE) ng/ml) and seminal fluid quality. The enzyme activity was significantly lower in the second split portion (764 +/- 43 ng/ml) as compared to the first (971 +/- 41 ng/ml). Sonicates of washed sperm were inactive. It is suggested that DNase activity derives from the epididymis and possibly from the vas deferens where it participates in the decomposition of DNA from dead cells.

Deoxyribonucleases↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of sialic acid in human sperm membranes.

Sialic acid was estimated both chemically in populations of heads and tails of spermatozoa from normospermic human seminal fluid and by transmission electron microscopy, using a specific labeling technique. The results of both procedures show that sialic acid is located exclusively in the head plasma membrane and in the acrosomal membranes. It is suggested that localization of sialic acid close to that reported for neuraminidase in sperm might be of importance in the fertilization process.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1983

Hyaluronidase activity in untreated human semen and following laboratory manipulations.

Hyaluronidase activity was examined in 104 oligospermic and normospermic human semen specimens promptly after liquefaction, after repeated cycles of washings with a solution containing 1.3 M sucrose and 0.15 M NaCl, and after freezing and thawing. We assessed enzyme activity by measuring areas of the digestion of substrate (hyaluronate). After washing the oligospermic and normospermic semen specimens twice 34%-43% enzyme activity was still present in the sedimented sperm as compared to the initial values. Following additional washings no enzyme activity could be detected. Freezing and thawing of semen increased enzyme activity by 40%-50%, respectively, after the second cycle whereas further treatment did not increase the enzyme activity rate. It is suggested that two types of hyaluronidase are present in human spermatozoa, differing in membrane-binding properties which would be connected with their localization in the acrosome.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1983

Lack of suppressor T cells in renal transplant recipients and activation by aminophylline.

Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets were determined in 16 patients after renal transplantation. Suppressor and helper T lymphocytes were isolated with the aid of theophylline according to the method described by Shore et al. [1]. The system model used for assessing the function of these subsets was the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Lack of suppressor T cells was found in 6 out of the 16 patients, all 6 in acute steroid nonresponsive rejection crisis. Four of these patients received aminophylline per os at a dose of 1000 mg/kg per day and the T-lymphocyte subsets were retested several days afterwards. Active suppressor T cells (TS) appeared in all 4 treated patients, paralleled by disappearance of rejection crisis and a dramatic decrease of serum creatinine levels. These findings suggest that the inactivation of the immunoregulatory suppressor subset, probably by the immunosuppressive treatment, may play an important role in acute rejection and that activation of this subset of T suppressors could be of beneficial effect and prevent renal rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Suppressor factor in plasma of aminophylline treated renal transplanted patients.

Eleven of 15 patients with a first acute rejection episode following cadaveric renal transplantation resumed adequate graft function and increased peripheral blood suppressor T-lymphocyte activity following treatment with 'pulse' methylprednisolone and aminophylline (1000mg orally daily for 14 days). Four of 11 patients treated with 'pulse' methylprednisolone alone resumed adequate graft function, but only two of these had elevated peripheral blood suppressor T-lymphocyte function. Nine of the 11 responding patients exhibited plasma suppressor activity to xenogenic graft versus host reaction but such activity was not observed in the plasma of any of the 11 patients who received methylprednisolone alone.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1983

Prostatic transitional cell carcinoma: concept of its pathogenesis and classification.

An updated comprehensive classification of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the prostate is presented in accordance with the current nomenclature, which is based mainly on the theory of multifocal origin of urothelial neoplasms. TCC of the prostate is classified as being primary, secondary (synchronous and metachronous) or mixed (TCC associated with adenocarcinoma). The case histories of six patients with TCC of the prostate are presented. One patient had primary TCC of the prostate without evidence of urothelial carcinoma elsewhere; one patient had primary mixed TCC associated with separate foci of adenocarcinoma; and four patients had secondary TCC either synchronously or metachronously with foci of carcinoma elsewhere in the urothelium. The importance of considering TCC of the prostate as a well-defined clinicopathological entity is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Nonpapillary lesions of the urinary bladder: a retrospective study.

The histological and clinical features of nonpapillary bladder lesions in 53 patients are described. There were 8 patients (Group A) with atypical hyperplasia and/or carcinoma in situ, 16 patients (Group B) with nonpapillary invasive transitional cell carcinoma, and 29 patients (Group C) with nonpapillary bladder lesions and synchronous or metachronous papillary tumors. These lesions were usually represented clinically by irritative urinary symptoms, such as frequency, urgency, dysuria and hematuria. In 34 of the 53 patients (64.1%), bladder lesions were invisible, i.e., not seen on cystoscopic examinations, and were diagnosed by histological examination of random biopsy specimens or by cytological examination of the urine. The 5-yr survival rates for Groups A, B and C patients were 100, 30.2 and 80.9%, respectively, while the disease progression rate during the same period of time was 72.6, 69.8 and 26.8%, respectively. The significance of the invisible flat lesions of the bladder that are considered to give rise to most types of invasive metastasizing tumors is reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Local hyperthermia for treatment of carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report.

Following extensive experiments on animals, we have concluded a study on the treatment of 15 patients with prostatic carcinoma using localized deep microwave hyperthermia (LDMWH; 2.45 GHZ), either alone or in combination with radiotherapy or hormonal therapy. The results of this pilot trial were encouraging and are herewith presented. A total of 146 LDMWH treatments were given. All patients tolerated the treatments well, and there were no complications; the condition of the rectal mucosa was checked routinely by rectoscopy. A pronounced and rapid subjective and objective response was recorded in all cases, as noted by reduction in tumor size, regression of ureteral or urethral obstruction, disappearance of pelvic pain and improvement in well being. LDMWH was effective by itself and appeared to potentiate the effects of radiotherapy or hormonal therapy. Although LDMWH seems to be a promising and safe new method of treatment of prostatic cancer, either alone or in combination with other accepted forms of therapy, more controlled studies, which are at present underway, are needed to draw more definite conclusions.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Unanticipated vesicoureteral reflux: a possible sequela of long-term thio-tepa instillations to the bladder.

Vesicoureteral reflux was studied by retrograde cystograms in 75 patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Unilateral reflux was detected in 6 of the 14 patients (42.8 per cent) treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumors. Five of these cases of reflux were anticipated and 1 was unanticipated. Among 61 patients treated by tumor resection and adjuvant instillations of thio-tepa reflux was found in 33 ureters of 25 patients (41.0 per cent). Of the 33 cases of reflux 15 were anticipated, while 18 were unanticipated. All the anticipated cases of reflux resulted from the direct effect of tumor resection on the ureteral orifice. The effect of thio-tepa on bladder mucosa and the ureteral orifices is suggested as a possible cause of the unanticipated cases of reflux.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1982

Immunological profile of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

The immunological profile of 58 patients with various stages of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was determined by using the local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction (GVHR) test, by skin testing with 3 recall antigens (candida, trichophyton, streptokinase-streptodornase) and by quantification of T-lymphocytes. Thirty-two patients with low grade low stage tumours (Group A) showed only a slight impairment of the immunological profile with a slight decrease in T-lymphocytes, 4.4% negative GVHR tests and 31.2% negative skin tests. Ten patients with highly invasive inoperable tumours (Group B) showed a severe impairment of the immunological profile with a significant decrease in T-lymphocytes, 100% negative GVHR and 80% negative skin tests. A marked improvement in the immunological profile was noted while comparing 9 patients who were examined within 6 months after cystectomy (Group CI) (severe decrease in T-lymphocytes 44.4% negative GVHR tests and 66.6% negative skin tests) with 7 patients who were examined 18 months or more after operation (Group CII) (slight decrease in T-lymphocytes 0% negative GVHR and 42.8% negative skin tests). Incubation of T-lymphocytes with a thymic hormone (THF) caused an increase in the extent of the graft versus host reaction in 10 out of 14 patients with low grade low stage bladder tumours. This may represent an improvement in the functional activity of the T-lymphocytes with a possible therapeutic use in the future.

Adult↗