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Biomedical subjects

C Salzman

Publications and source records attributed to C Salzman.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between borderline personality structure and history of childhood abuse in adult volunteers.

Childhood abuse has been implicated as a leading factor in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data in this report, drawn from an ongoing study of the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine in BPD patients, were gathered in an attempt to replicate previous findings indicating a history of physical abuse in 71% and sexual abuse in 67% of adult BPD subjects. Thirty-one subjects for a study of the pharmacological treatment of BPD or BPD traits met criteria for the study. Those who had been previously hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder, who had recently been suicidal, or who had recent histories of self-mutilation were excluded. Specific information about childhood abuse was gathered using questions from a previous study of abuse histories in BPD patients. All subjects were then interviewed in greater depth regarding past experiences of abuse as part of the ongoing study of the relationship of childhood attachment experience and adult psychopathology. Six of 31 subjects (19.4%) reported a definite history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse. Four of these subjects met criteria for full BPD, and two met criteria for BPD traits. Three of 31 subjects reported a history of physical abuse (9.7%); five reported a history of sexual abuse (16.1%). Two of the six who reported abuse reported both physical and sexual abuse. A history of childhood abuse is not necessarily linked to the development of BPD or BPD traits in all individuals. The following hypothesis is suggested: BPD may represent a spectrum of symptomatic severity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroleptic treatment of late-life schizophrenia.

There is a paucity of studies on the use of neuroleptic medication for treatment of the core symptoms of schizophrenia in elderly patients. The studies that are available have significant methodologic problems, including the mixing of early- and late-onset patients, inadequate outcome criteria, and the lack of control groups. Studies of conventional neuroleptics suggest that older patients have a moderate therapeutic response but are likely to develop side effects. The few studies of atypical antipsychotics now available suggest efficacy for treatment of behavioral disturbance in the elderly and a more favorable side-effect profile. The usefulness of all neuroleptics for the treatment of the core symptoms of late-life schizophrenia may depend on the duration and severity of the symptoms, with a poor response associated with greater severity and duration. It appears that patients with later-onset symptoms may respond better to all neuroleptics.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurobiologic basis of anxiety and its treatment.

Current evidence suggests that anxiety has a neurobiologic basis. It is thought to be caused by dysfunction of one or more neurotransmitters and their receptors. Most data, which are derived from study of the benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex, indicate that alteration of the influx of chloride ions within this receptor complex is associated with the development of anxiety. The primary therapeutic effect of benzodiazepines occurs at this receptor complex. All clinically available benzodiazepines are active at this receptor complex, producing therapeutic results and side effects. Subtypes of benzodiazepine receptors as well as endogenous benzodiazepine ligands also have been identified. These may play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety. Benzodiazepines also modulate the production of neuroactive steroids in the central nervous system. In the future, drugs that affect these varying benzodiazepine functions may play a role in the treatment of anxiety. Other neurotransmitters also have been implicated in the genesis of anxiety. Drugs affecting the noradrenergic beta receptor and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors have anxiolytic properties. New evidence also suggests a role for adenosine and cholecystokinin in the development of anxiety; drugs interacting with these neurotransmitters also may have anxiolytic properties.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗