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Biomedical subjects

C S Muir

Publications and source records attributed to C S Muir.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The cancer registry in cancer control--a review.

The author reviews key elements in the contribution of the cancer registry to cancer control. A cancer registry always requires the direct or indirect cooperation of the medical profession in the reporting of new cancer cases and it must in return provide services which the physician can use in the care of cancer patients. Survival of patients can be assessed and treatment evaluated for the entire reporting area and not just for selected groups. Projections of the needs for future material and manpower resources can be made on the basis of data collected by the registry. The cancer registry is also in an ideal position to monitor the efficacy of screening programs. Data collected by the registry are the basis for epidemiologic investigations. The magnitude of the cancer problem can be measured and variation by time and place identified. The origin of cancer can be studied by a variety of epidemiologic approaches using data from the cancer registry. Should a suspected etiologic factor be altered in the environment the impact of the intervention may be followed using trend data from the registry. The linkage if individual records is essential if the registry is to function accurately and efficiently. Appropriate safeguards for the confidentiality of medical data must be insured. Adequate staffing with persons interested in and able to undertake the analysis and interpretation of the data collected is a must if the cancer registry is to live up to its potential.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Descriptive epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of nose, nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses.

International incidence and mortality data for ICD rubric 160 (nose and nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses) are reviewed, the relative frequency data for cancer for each of the constituent anatomical locations presented and the histological types of neoplasms encountered tabulated to determine if geographical differences exist which might be worth further investigation. Relatively high rates for this generally rare disease were found in Asian and African populations, the highest age-adjusted rates, between 2.6 and 2.5 per 100,000 per annum, occurring in Japanese males. Independent of the higher rates, the extremely low proportion of cancers of the nose and nasal cavities together with the very high proportion of cancer of the maxillary sinus in Japan are in contrast with a much higher relative frequency of nose and nasal cavity cancer in other countries. These findings seem to justify further studies of these tumours in this country, particularly as none of the known aetiological factors reviewed in this paper explain the high rates for this cancer in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cancer mortality in 1970-1972 among Polish-born migrants to England and Wales.

The 1970-72 cancer mortality of Polish migrants to England and Wales is compared with the cancer mortality prevailing in England and Wales and in Poland. Small numbers limit the analyses to the most frequent cancer sites only. The main findings are: (a) Compared with mortality rates in both their country of birth and of adoption, Polish migrants displayed intermediate values for cancers of the stomach, intestinal tract, and lung. For age-groups over 74 years, lung-cancer mortality among the migrants appears, however, to be higher than in both Poland and England and Wales. (b) A distinctly higher mortality among Polish migrants than either in Poland or England and Wales was apparent for lymphomas in both sexes, and for leukaemia and oesophageal cancer in males. (c) Female breast-cancer mortality among Polish migrants was much higher than in Poland, being close to the high mortality rates prevailing in England and Wales. The present findings are compared with the results of similar studies of Polish migrants to the United States and Australia and reasons for observed differences are advanced.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cancer in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: relative frequencies.

Some 1220 male and 2102 female cases of malignant neoplasms diagnosed histologically at the Department of Pathology of the Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta during the period 1970-73 were analysed. The most frequent tumour sites were among men: nasopharyngeal cancer, 21-8% and skin cancer, 17-6%. Among women the genital cancers were the most frequent with: cervix uteri, 25-7% chorionepithelioma, 3-7%, other uterus, 4-4% and ovary, 7-4%. Breast cancer comprised 17-0%, skin 9-6% and nasopharyngeal cancer 7-9%. Low frequencies were observed in both sexes for cancers of the gastro-intestinal tract and of the respiratory organs; previous reports of the rarity of gastric cancer were confirmed. The observed distribution is discussed in the light of possible biases, and compared with other material on the frequency of cancer from South East Asia.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Role of the cancer registry.

The cancer registry can be defined as a facility for the collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation of data on persons with cancer. The possible range of registry activities was discussed in relation to the population-based cancer registry. These activities included service to the medical profession and hence the cancer patient, the provision of information for planning control measures, the evaluation of treatment and of screening programs, the conduct of epidemiologic studies, either directly or indirectly, and the education of the public and the medical profession. The resources of the cancer registry can be used in follow-up for industrial and other cohorts exposed to a variety of agents. Registries must be prepared to meet the problem of confidentiality that might arise when information in the registry is linked with other data sets. The value of a cancer registry increases when it becomes possible to examine and assess time trends. Unfortunately, many cancer registries were not adequately funded or staffed to exploit usefully the data already collected at considerable expenses. The three types of staff required to ensure full utilization were discussed.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1977

[Determination of the importance of environmental factors in human cancer: the role of epidemiology].

The evidence in support of the assertion that 80% of human cancers are of environmental origin is reviewed. The environment is used in its broadest sense and is taken to include the widespread general exposures of air and water pollution, the work environment, exposures resulting from personal choice such as smoking and drinking, and the diet. Several examples are chosen to show that a wide range of environmental agents can cause cancer. Consideration of descriptive epidemiological data relating to migrants, geographical variation in incidence, changes in risk over time, correlation studies, clusters and case reports, supports an environmental etiology for many cancers the cause of which is at present unkown. The same data can be used to show that a large proportion of cancer is likely to be due to environmental factors. If the lowest rate observed in a series of populations be regarded as representing a residuum of cancers due to non-environmental causes then it is possible to imagine a hypothetical population with a very low rate indeed. However, it is unlikely that such a level could be achieved even if all causal mechanisms were understood as it is possible that factors leading to one cancer may protect against another. Until evidence to the contrary is aduced it is held that the vast majority of human cancers are due to the environment: the reasons why there has been reluctance to accept this conclusion are discussed.

Animals↗