Computer analyses of antibiotic sensitivities of bacteria isolated at Northwick Park Hospital during 1974.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C S Goodwin.
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M. ulcerans grows in close association with the surface of cultured human foetal and adult tissue and produces necrosis. M. tuberculosis grows also but M. xenopi grows little or not at all. The two first named seem to stick well to the tissue surface and the last does not. These results are discussed in relationship to the pathogenesis of Buruli ulcer.
Using a randomized crossover design, 1-g intravenous doses of cephalothin and cefoxitin, a cephalosporinase-resistant cephamycin, were infused into 12 normal adult males over periods of 120, 30, and 3 min, the last with and without prior intravenous infusions of probenecid (1 g). Mean peak serum concentrations of antibiotic activity after cephalothin infusions were 23, 56, 103, and 102 mug/ml, respectively, and after cefoxitin infusions they were 27, 74, 115, and 125 mug/ml, respectively. Probenecid treatment prolonged the terminal serum half-life of cephalothin-like activity from 0.52 to 1.0 h, and of cefoxitin from 0.68 to 1.4 h. In contrast to cephalothin, which was found to be metabolized about 25% to the less active desacetyl form, cefoxitin was metabolized less than 2% to the virtually inactive descarbamyl form, as judged from urinary recoveries. Neither antibiotic displayed detectable organ toxicity. Of 300 recent clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas spp., 83% were susceptible to cephalothin but 95% were susceptible to cefoxitin. Organisms resistant to cephalothin but susceptible to cefoxitin included strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter spp., and Bacteroides spp.
Six of 12 men wintering at an isolated Antarctic base sequentially developed symptoms and signs of a common cold after 17 weeks of complete isolation. Examination of specimens taken from the men in relation to the outbreak has not revealed a causative agent.
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Four hundred and seventy-eight pregnant women attending local authority clinics in Portsmouth were screened for bacteriuria using the dip-inoculum transport medium (DITM) spoon method. The detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria in 5% of the patients with a very low proportion of equivocal results (0.83%) suggests that this is an efficient method; and large numbers of urine specimens could be sampled with relatively little work for the laboratory. A cystine-MacConkey medium was devised for incorporation in the spoons. General practitioners treated the women with bacteriuria, and remained responsible for home delivery and postpartum examinations. The possibility of successful cooperation between non-hospital clinics, a bacteriological laboratory, and general practitioners is demonstrated.
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